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* SMITH. 256 SMITH. Armenian and Nestorian missions were shortly afterwards established bv the American Board. In 1833 he settled iu Beirut. In 1838 and 1852 he accompanied Edward Robinson (q.v. ) on his tours of investigation in the Holy Land. He ceaselessly prosecuted linguistic studies in prepa- ration for what lie considered his life work, the translation of the Bible into Arabic; but he died after completing the New Testament, the Penta- teuch, and part of the jirophetical books. The work was completed by Dr. Cornelius V. Van Dyek of the Syrian Mission, and published in 1866-67. SMITH, Elizabeth Oakes (Pkince) (1806- 93). An American author, born at Cumberland, Maine. She was removed in infancy to Portland. There she married Seba Smith (q.v.), and wrote mvich prose and verse, assisting her husband in his profession of journalism. In 1839, after financial reverses, she adopted literature as a means of subsistence, and settled in New York in 1842, contributing to periodicals and writing stories, plays, and lectures. Some of her vol- umes are: The f<inless Child and Other Poems (1841), Woman and Her Xeeds (1851), and Kitty Hoirard's Journal (1871). She also pub- lished two tragedies and was noted for her ad- vocacy of woman's rights. SMITH, EiiMiNME Adelle (1836-86). An American ethnologist, born in Marcellus. N. Y., and educated at Mrs. Willard's Seminary in Troy, N. Y. In 1855 she married S.H.Smith, and while educating her sons in Germany studied mineralogy and other sciences. In 1878 she became connected with the Bureau of Ethnology, and was detailed to study the language, customs, myths, and pecu- liarities of the Iroquois Indians, spending two summers for that purpose among the Tuscaroras of Canada, who adopted her as a member. SMITH, Francis Henney (1812-90). An American soldier, horn at Norfolk, Va. He grad- uated in 1833 at the United States Military Academy, and in 1837 was appointed professor of mathematics at Hampden-Sidney College. In 1839 he was selected to be superintendent and professor of mathematics in the newl,y organized Virginia Military Institute. Soon after the out- break of the Civil War he was appointed colonel, and was stationed at Norfolk and in command of Craney Island Fort. Subsequently he re- opened the Institute, whose buildings had been destroved b.v fire during the war. He published The Best Methods of Conductinq Common (Schools (1849), College Reform (1850), and numerous text-linoks. SMITH, Francis Hopkin.son (1838—). An American artist, author, and engineer, born in Baltimore, Md. After receiving a good academic education he became a clerk in a Baltimore iron- works, subsequently studied engineering, and be- came a successful contractor. In this capacitv he was engaged in several CJovernment works of importance on the Atlantic seaboard, including the construction of the sea-walls at Block Island Governor's Island (New York Harbor), and Tonipkinsville, the Race Rock Lighthouse, off New London, Conn., and the foundation for the Barthohli Statue. At the same time he attained distinction as an artist, particularly in water- colors. Some of his best known pictures are: "The Old Man of the Mountains" (1874): "In the Darkling Wood" (1876) : "Peggothy on the Harlem" (1881) ; "Under the Towers, Brooklyn Bridge" (1883); "In the North Woods" (1884'); and "A January Thaw" (1887). He also became well known for his work in charcoal and as an illustrator. In recent years, liowever, his fame as an author has almost eclipsed that of the en- gineer and artist. Among his publislied works are: Well-Worn Roads (1886); Old Lines in New Black and White (1886); A Book of the Tile Club (1887) ; A White Umbrella in Mexico (1889) ; Colonel Carter of Cartersville (1891) ; A Day at Lagiierre's (1892); American Illus- trators (1892); A Gentleman Vagabond and Some Others (1895) ; Tom. Grogan (1896) ; Gon- dola Days ( 1897 ) ; Caleb West, Master Direr (1898): The Other Felloio (1899); and The Fortunes of Oliver Horn (1902). SMITH, Sir Francis Pettit (1808-74). An English inventor, born in Hythe. In 1834 he constructed a model of a steam vessel to be pro- pelled by a screw driven by a spring, and three years afterwards built a larger boat on the same principle, which he successfully tested in the English Cliannel. He constructed for the British Navy the screw steamer Archimedes of 237 tons. 90 horse-power, which he completed in 1840, and the success of which led to the rapid introduction of screw vessels into the English Navv and the mercantile marine. SMITH, Geokge (1808-99). A Scotch-Ameri- can banker and financier, liorn in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was educated at Aberdeen College, emigrated to America, and in 1834 settled in Chicago, and for the next quarter of a century was elosel.v identified with the industrial and financial history of the Northwest. In 1837 he was granted a cliarter for the Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company at Milwaukee, which allowed him to carry on a general hanking busi- ness, and issue notes to the amount of $1,500,000. This corporation was for many years the most stable financial institution in the West, and its notes, pavment upon which was never refused, circulated widel.v, and were of great benefit to other banks and to business houses in times of panic. In 1839 he also founded the house of George Smith & Co., the first banking liouse in Chicago. Subsequently he became interested in banking in the South, but after the outln'cak of the Civil War gradually withdrew from active business and retired to London, where he died. SMITH, George ("1824-1901). An English ]iublislior. born in London. His father was a Scotchman, who had established a book-shop in Loudon in partnership with Alexander Elder in 1816. In 1843 Smith took charge of most of the firm's publishing, and in 1846, on the death of liis father, became head of the firm. Lender his sujiervision the early works of John Ruskin were published, Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre was brought out in 1848, and Tliackerav's Henry Esmond in 1851. In 1859 Smith founded The Cornhill Maga~ine. with Thackeray as its first editor; and in 1865 he established 'the Pall Mall Gazette, an independent evening paper, retaining control of it until 1880. He projected and pub- lished the great Dictionary of l^ational Biography (67 vols, with supplement and index, 1885-1903), edited by Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee. SMITH, George (1840-76). An English Assvriologist. born at Chelsea. He was an en-