Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/140

* SHIBE. 108 SHIRLEY. SHIBE (AS. scire, scyrc, district, county, ju- risdiction, business, from sciriaii, sccritin, secon- dary form of sciran, sccraii, sccoran, to cut off, shear, OHG. sccraii, Ger. schercn, to cut, shear; connected with Gk. Keipem, Iceirein, Lith. skirti, to cut). A term which seems to have originated before the time of King Alfred, and is applied to the districts, often called counties, into which Great Britain is divided. A considerable num- ber of the counties of England, as Kent. Essex, Surrey. Norfolk, and Sufl'olk, were formed out of the petty Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, which grad- ually became consolidated into one kingdom. The substitution of ealdormcn (or earls) for kings marks the gradual organization of the shires. It was usually found convenient to split up a large kingdom into several shires. The national and military head of the shire was the ealdor- man, whose oflice was not necessarily hereditary, though it bad a tendency to become so. Shire is applied to all the Welsh counties except Angle- sea. In Scotland the English tendencies of the sovereigns from the time of Malcolm Canmore and the tide of immigration from the south brought in, among other innovations, the division into shires. Its introduction seems to have be- gun early in the twelfth century. Twenty-five shires or counties are enumerated in a public ordinance of the date 1305. In England, south of the Tees, there was a subdivision of the shires into hundreds (q.v.), which in some localities were called ir(ii>cntakes; these hundreds or traprntakrs were further sub- divided into ti/thiiigs, and it became incumbent on every one to be enrolled in a tything and hun- dred for the purposes of government. In some of the larger counties there was an intermediate division between the shire and the hundred. Yorkshire had and still has its ridings (q.v.), Kent had its lathes, and Sussex its rujies. The division into hundreds and tythings never pene- trated into the four northern counties of Eng- land, or into Scotland, where the ward and quar- ter were the immediate subdivisions of the county. Consult Stubbs, Constitutional History of England, vol. i. (6th ed., Oxford, IS'JC). See County ; Anglo-Saxons. SHIBE, she'ra. A river of Southeastern Africa. It is the outlet of Lake Nyassa, from which it issues in latitude 14° 28' South, and after a southerly course of 2.50 miles joins the Zambezi 00 miles from its mouth. The naviga- tion of the upper course is obstructed by cata- racts for a space of 3.5 miles in the course of which the river falls 1200 feet. Below the rapids it expands into a broad, navigable stream, though somewhat obstructed by the abundance of aquatic vegetation. SHIBE HOBSE. An English cart horse. The Shire horse has been described as the final result of the improvement of agricultural horses com- menced early in the nineteenth century. Its breed seems to be a cross between native Lincoln- shire and Dutch stallions. A well-bred Shire horse is from 16.2 to 17 hands in height with a girth of from 7 feet 6 inches to 8 feet. His chest is wide, shoulders well thrown back, head big, but in perfect proportion, back short, with strong muscular development of the loin, lone quarters, and a tail set on well and high. The black Shire horse is gradually becoming extinct, modern breeders preferring browns or bays. SHIBLAW, shCr'la, Walter (1838-). An American d,ecorative, landscape, and genre painter and illustrator. He was born at Paisley, Scotland, but was taken to America in 1840. After being employed for many years as bank-note engraver in Chicago, he took up painting. While in Chi- cago he was one of the prime movers in the organization of the Academy of Design. In 1870- 77 he studied at ilunich. and while there painted his ■■Tuning of the Bell" (1874) ; ■■Sheep Shear- ing," exhibited at the National Academ_y of De- sign in 1877 : and ■■Good Jlorning," now in the Builalo Academy of Fine Arts. Upon his return to the United States he became professor of the Art Students' League. New York, and was elected National Academician in 1879. He was one of the founders of the Societ}' of American Artists, and its first president. His easel paint- ings are usually genre subjects, showing fine decorative feeling for line and color, with a ten- dency toward rich and warm low tones. Among them are: ■■Eager for the Fray;" the '■Goose Girl:" "Jealousy," the "Kiss:"' the '■Barnyard;" and "In Mischief." His most important decora- tive work is the frieze for the dining-room in the house of D. O. Mills, New York City, the subject of which is 'Teace and Plenty." SHIBLEY, sherOi. A novel by Charlotte Bronte ( 1840), the scene of which is a Y'orkshire mill-town. The action centres in the career of Robert Jloore, the mill-owner, frequently in- volved in riots among his workpeople. His brother marries the heroine. Shirley Keeldar, who was drawn from Emily Bronte. SHIBLEY (SHEBLEY), Sir Anthony ( 1505-C.1035) . An English navigator. He was educated at Hart Hall. Oxford. In 1591 he ac- companied the Earl of Essex on his expedition to Normandy, and was knighted by Henry IV. Queen Elizabeth, angered at his acceptance of this honor without her consent, had him imprisoned until he gave up the order of St. ilichael that had been conferred upon him. Ih 1506 he led a buccaneering expedition to the West Indies and South America. An account of this cruise was published by Hakluyt in Voyages and Diseoreries (1508). In loOO he sailed to Persia, where he was hospitably received by Shah Abbas the Great, who made him ambassador to the Christian coirts of Europe. Thoroughly dis- credited at home, he passed his last years in Madrid, a pensioner of the King of Spain. He died in poverty some time after 1635. In 1613 he published Trarcls Into I'ersia, a dull and tedious book. Sir Anthony had two brothers. Sir Robert and Sir Thomas, who were also adven- turers. The three brothers were made the sub- ject of Trnrailcs of Three English Brothers ( 1 607 ) . a play written by ,Tohn Day in collabora- tion. Consult The Sherleif Brothers (Roxburghe Club, 1848). SHIBLEY, James (1506-1666). An English dramatist, born in London. He attended the Merchant Taylors' School. London (1608-12), whence he passed to Saint .John's College, Oxford. He afterwards entered Catharine Hall. Cam- bridge, where he received the degree of B. A. (c.1618). Subsequently he took orders, and be- came a minister at Saint Albans. He gave up his living owing to his conversion to the Church of Rome and held the mastership of the gram- mar school from 1623 to 1625. At the end of