Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/884

* SERPENTINE. 804 SERRANO Y DOMINGTIEZ. clironiitp, iiinl deposits of iiickol and platinum are sometimes associated with these rocks. Ser- pentine with oaleite, inagnesite, or dolomite forms a heaiitifiil mottled or veined rock to which the name opliiolite or ophicalcite, or, more commonly, Verde antique, is given. This ma- terial is "used for ornamental pillars and decora- tive purposes. SERPENT MOUND. A remarkable earth- work near Pcililes, Adams County, Ohio, 71 miles cast of Cincinnati. It is in the form of a huge serpent, 1000 feet long. 5 feet higli, and 30 feet wide at the base. The tail ends in a triple coil, and between the open jaws lies an egg-shaped mound 10!' by 3!) feet. It is supposed to be the work of the Mound Builders (q.v.). See Arch.e- oLocv, .Vmerican. SERPENT-WORSHIP. See Natore-Wob- SHii': Oi'iHTK.s. SERPETTE, sar'pet', G.A.STON (1846—). A French composer, born at Nantes. He studied at the Paris Conservatory (1868-71) under Am- broise Tlionins, and won the Grand Prix de Rome with Ills cantata Jcnnne d'Arc. In 1874 his first opera, La brniiche cassce, was produced in Paris, and he subsequently brought out more than thirty similar works, of which the best known are Le carillon (18!)C), Cendnllonnette (1890), and La dot de lirUiitfe (180.5). SERPUIiA (Neo-Lat., from serpere, to creep). A marine annelid worm which secretes a tubular calcareous shell, more or less coiled, and often forming large detached masses of reddish rock. The large, solid limestone tubes of these worms materially assist in building up coral reefs, es- peciall.y on the coast of Brazil. Serpula' have been noticed by A. Agas- siz to often form on coral reefs in- crusting masses of considerable extent. Serpulie occur at great depths in the Gulf of Mexico, while some were dredged by the Challenger Expedition at depths of nearly 3000 fathoms. A mass of serpulse with all their crim- son tentacles expanded is a very beautiful object. SERRA, ser'ra, Miguel Josfi. See Junipero. SERRADELLA, or SERRADILLA (Port. serradilhi, diminutive of scrrado, serrate, from Lat. serratiis, saw-shaped, from serra, saw), Bibd's-Foot (Ornifhopiis sativus.). An annual leguminous plant indigenous to Southern Europe and Northern Africa, cultivated for forage, hay, and green manuring. It prefers a moist climate and a sandy soil of good tilth. When broad- casted the land is harrowed and sometimes rolled to press the seed into the soil. In drilling the seed is planted aljout an inch deep. Two cuttings are obtained during the season. If sown about A GROUP OF SERPULi:. The worms iSerpida vermicu- laris) are ebowu with expanded tentacles, as if tinder water. April 1st it can be used for green forage in July and a second cutting may be obtained in September. It is cut for hay at the close of the blos.soming period. The green crop {?ut when in bloom) has the following average composition : Water, 79.9 ; protein, 2.9; fat, 0.7; nitrogen-free extract, 10.0; crude fibre, 3.4; ash, 3.1 per cent. The hay eon- tains: Water, 9.2; protein, 15.2; fat, 2.6; nitro- gen-free extract, 44.2; crude fibre, 21.6; and ash, 7.2 per cent. Like other leguminous crops, it has a fairly high protein content. In feeding value it does not difi'er greatly from red clover. It has the advantage that it may be fed i) to nearly the end of the blooming period without deterioration. 'hen the hay is cured care must be taken to prevent loss due to the breaking of tine leaves and stems. SERRA DO MAR, ser'ra do mar. The south- ern division of the Brazilian Coast Range, running along the southeastern coast of the country through the States of Paran:!, Sao Paulo, and Rio de .Janeiro. To the south, in Santa Catliarina and Rio Grande do Sul, runs the somewhat dis- tinct range known as the Serra (Serai, while the northern division of the Coast Range bends west toward the Serra da Mantiqueira, which runs parallel with the Serra do Mar, separated from it by the valley of the Parahyba River. The range is the outermost escarpment of the great Brazilian plateau, and forms the divide between the Parana River and the very short streams running into the Atlantic Ocean. Near Rio de .Janeiro, where it reaches its highest elevation (from 6000 to 7000 feet), it is very rugged with numerous sharp granite crags, which from a dis- tance suggest the pipes of an immense organ, whence this portion has been called the Organ Mountains. SERRANID.^; (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. serra, saw). The family of sea-bass (q.v.), many species of which are called 'serranos' by the fish- ermen of Spanish America. SERRANO Y DOMINGUEZ, ser-ra'no e d6- men'gatli, FrajN'OISCO, Duke de la Torre (1810- 85). A Spanisli statesman and general, born near Cadiz. He fought against the Carlists from 1833 to 1839, and attained the rank of brigadier- general. Elected to the Cortes from Malaga in 1839, he joined with Espartero in bringing about the overtlirow of the Queen mother Christina in 1840, but three years later turned against the regency of Espartero and was Minister of War for some time after the Iieginning of the personal reign of Isabella II. He became lieutenant-gen- eral in 1847, captain-general of the army and military Governor of New Castile in 1856, Ambas- sador at Paris in the following .year, and from 1859 to 1802 was Captain-Generai of Cuba. His services in the reconquest of Santo Domingo gained him the ducal title, and on his return to Spain in 1803 he w'as made Minister of Foreign Affairs. A faithful follower of O'Donnell, he succeeded the latter in 1867 as chief of the I^ib- eral Union, and in spite of his intimate relations with Queen Isabella plotted assiduousl.v against her Government. With other leaders of the Op- position he was transported to the Canary Islands in .July. 1868, but returned to Cadiz in September after the outbreak of the military revolution, assumed charge of the movement to- gether with Prim, Topete, and Sagasta (qq.v.).