Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/835

* SEEL YE. SEEL YE, se'll, JuLiis Hawley {1824-95). An American author and educator, born in I5cth- el, Conn. He graduated at Amherst College in 1849 and studied theology at Aulnun Theological Seminary and at the Iniversity of Halle, tier- many, after which he returned to .merica and was jiaslor of llie First Kefornied Church at Sclieneitady, X. V., from 18.53 to 18.58. when he was elected professor of mental and moral phi- losophy at Amherst College. In 1874 he was elected as a result of a non-partisan movement a member of Congress, where, despite the fact that he was a Republican, he opposed the estab- lishment of the Electoral Commission. From 1879 until 1890 he was president of Amherst College. His publications include: A translation of Schwegler's Uislorii i,f Philoxuphij (1850); The ll'oy, the Truth, the Life (187:i; translated into Hindustani. .Japanese, and German) ; Chris- tian Missions (1875) ; and a version of Hickock's Moral Science (1880). SEEL YE, L.MREXUS Clark (1837—). An American clergyman and educator, liorn at Heth- el. Conn. He was educated at L'nion College, at the Andover Theological Seminary, and at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg. In 1863 he was ordained pastor of the North Congrega- tional Church of Springfield, Mass. In 1873 he was elected the first president of Smith College (q.v. ), which he organized and developed, and whose policy and curriculum he largely deter- mined. SEEMANN, za'man. Berthold (1825-71). A German explorer and naturalist, born in Han- over. He was a member of the British expedition which sailed in the Herald, and visited the West Indies, Central and South America, the Arctic, the Hawaiian Islands, and South Africa (1847- 51). In 1852 he published Xarratirc of the I'o.i/- a(je of the Herald (German. 2d ed. 18.58). In 1860 he visited the Fiji Islands, and from 1864 to 1866 explored Venezuela and Central America. Among his numerous publications both in English and in Cierman are: Viti, Account of a Govern- ment Mission to the Vitian or Figan Islands (1862); Die in Europa eingefiihrtcm A!ca:ien (1S52); Die Volksnamen der amerikanisehen Pflanzen (1851) ; Popular History of the Palms (1855: German, 2d ed. 1863) ; and a Biston/ of the Isthmus of Panama (2d ed. 1867). In 1853 he founded the botanical periodical Bonplandia. which from 1864 to 1871 he eoTitiniied in Eng- land as the Journal of liritish and Foreign Botani/. SEFFNER. zef'ner. Kakl (1861-). A Ger- man sculiitor, born at Leipzig, where he studied at the academy in 1877-84. especially under llelchior zur St'rassen (1832-96). -Mter a short apjirentieeship in Berlin he worked in Italy (1885-88) and settled at Leipzig, where he won a great reputation by his portrait busts and statues, full of animation and keenly characteris- tic. Besides the busts of. ton Springer. Karl Thiersch, and other scholars (1889-93, Lei))zig University), there should lie mentioned those of "King Albert and Queen Carola of Saxony" (Leipzig Jluseum), the bust of Wilhelm Scherer (Berlin University), and the monument to Karl von Hase (Jena). Of especial interest and merit are the monuments to Bach and Goethe (rep- resented in his student years), at Leipzig. 757 SEGESVAR. SEGANTINI, sa'gj^u-tO'ni', Giova.n.m (1858- 99). . Italian figure and landscape painter, born at Aroo, South Tyrol. His parents died when lie was young and he became a herdsman. Later he entered the Hrera Academy at .Milan, where he won prizes, at the same time gaining his livelihood by painting signs and adver- tisements. His ".Xve Maria" won the gold meilal of the Amsterdam Kxhibition of 1,883, but he failed to win the approbation of the •Milanese public until the cxhiliilion of liis large canvas •The .Mpine Pasture-" (1895). Transcripts from the hard life of the peasant are ".At the Close of Day" (1888), "The Water- ing Trough" (1889), "Plowing" (1896), and similar scenes showing a monotonous, trivial life overwhelmed by the cold, hard majesty of nature, Segantini towers above other Italian painters of the nineteenth century by reason of his original- ity and power. An intense realist, he saw the hard facts of existence through no .softening me- dium. The atmosphere of his pictures is keen and crystalline: the objects stand out in sharp relief. A picture, ".Sorrow Finding Comfort, in Faith" (1896), marks the later development of his art when he sought for the expression of moral and mystical ideas. Of this type arc "Pun- ishment of Luxury" (Walker Gallery. Liver- pool); "The Retribution of Unnatural Moth- ers," a subject taki'n from Hindu poetry; and a treatment of the virgin and the infant Jesus called "The Inspiration of an .Mpine Flower." Consult the monograph by Ritter (Vienna, 1897). SEGES'TA (Lat.. from Gk. 'E7f(rTo, Egcsla. AtyccTa, Mgcsta). An ancient city in Xorth- wcstern Sicily, about six miles from its seaport, near the modern Castellamare. The town be- longed to the Elymi, a tribe whom the Greek colonists found in the extreme west of the island, and whose etluiology is uncertain. Later tradi- tion attributed the foundation to a band of fugi- tives from Troy, and in l!oni;in times this was connected with the wanderings of .luieas. The coins seem to indicate some truth in the tradi- tion of a Phoe;ran (less probably Phocian) ele- ment in the popvilation. The place was reckoned among the non-Hellenic cities, and was engaged in frequent strife with its Dorian neighbor, Se- linus (q.v.). In the fifth century B.C. it sought .Vthenian sujiport. and in B.C. 415 brought about the disastrinis attack on Syracuse. In n.c. 409 it tirMeii to Carthage for help, and thus led to the destruction of Selinus and the renewal of the long war between the Carthaginians and Greeks. It was besieged unsuccessfully by the elder Dionysius. but later must have left the Carthaginians, for it is called an ally of .gatho- cles in n.c. 306. On his return from .frica that tyrant demanded a huge contribution, and when refused charged the city with conspiracy and massacred with tortures a great part of the in- hal)itants. From that time the town seems tn have lost its importance, though it was especially favored by the Romans. During the Saracenic wars the site was abandoned and is now only marked by a picturesque and well-preserved though unfinished Doric temple and a fine rock- cut theatre. Excavations have also brought to light a few remains of private houses. SEGESVAR, shf-'gesh-viir. An Hungarian Citv. Sic S( II.S.SBIRG.