Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/804

* SEA-ANEMONE. 730 SEA-COW. inetiiinorpliosis. In most ailiniaiis the digestive MU' I'oniis a blind pouch, but in Ceriantlius, which lives in deep water, buried in the mud or fine sand, where it secretes a leathery tube, the stomach or intestine opens out at the end of the body. The youn-; of the European Ceriantlius, as also of Edwardsia, unlike those of other actin- ians. lives at the surface, being free-swimming. Consult: Gosse, The Aquarium (London, 1834); lirilish Sca-Aiiemones and Corals (ib., 1858) ; E. C. and A. Agassiz, Seaside Studies in Salural History (Boston, 1871); Arnold, The Sea Ihuch at Low Tide (New York, 1900). SEA-BASS. A large family (Serranidir) of marine. j)erc-h-like fishes, abounding in all warm seas and in some fresh waters. They remain as a rule in comparatively deep water, except when they approach the shore for spawning in the early sunmier; are carnivorous, feeding near the bot- tom: are powerful swimmers and leapers; are often very handsomely colored and marked ; and are excellent food. Some have commercial im- portance (see Fisheries), while others are prom- inent among game fishes. About 60 genera and 400 species are recognized in the family as now delineated. ( For classification, see .Jordan and Eigenmann, Bulletin viii.. United States Fish Commission, Washington. 1888; and Boulenger, Catalogue of Teleostean Fishes in the British Mu- seum, vol. i., London, 1895). A typical species and the one best known under this name in the United States is the black sea-bass (Cetitropristes striatus), illustrated in the Colored Plate of FooD-FiSHES, with the article Fisii .4.S Food. It is about 18 inches long and three pounds in weight, and is dusky brown or black, more or less mottled, and with pale longitudinal streaks. It is numerous along the Atlantic coast from Cape Ann to Florida, and is one of the most highly esteemed fishes for the table. Local names for it are "blackfish,' 'black Harry,' 'hannahill,' and 'tallywag.' This species is of special interest to fish-culturists as the one with which Mather, in 1874, first succeeded in producing artificial fertilization, and demonstrated the practicability of modern methods. Other prominent marine Serranidse in America are the jew-fishes. nigger-fishes, groupers, hinds, guasas. scamps, squirrel-fishes, and yellowtails. The typical genus Serranus is represented in Europe and in Eastern waters by familiar and useful species frequently called sea-perches, of which a very handsome Eastern one {Serranus marfiinalis) is well known on .Japanese and Phil- ippine coasts. See Colored Plate of Fishes of THE Philippines. Consult general works on ichthyology (see Fish) ; and for American forms especially the writings of Goode, Bean, and Jordan. SEA-BREAM. A British name for several fishes of the family Sparidse (q.v.). especially a common and useful species (Pagellus centro- dontes) of the European coast. The name is sometimes given to the American 'sailor's choice' (Ijfifjndoii rhoiiihoides) . See Bream. SEA'BBIGHT. A borough in Monmouth County, N. .J., 27 miles south of New York City ; on the Central Railroad of New .Jersey (Map: New .Jersey, .E 3). It is chiefly important as a residential place and as a summer resort. It dates from 1800. Population, in 1900, 1.198. SEA'BTJRY, Sahiel (1729-90). The first bishop of the Episcopal Church in America. He was born at Groton, Conn., graduated at Yale in 1748. and later studied medicine and theology at Edinburgh. He was ordained deacon and ])rie<l at the end of 1733. and returned to America five months later, engaging in pastoral work first at New Brunswick, N. J., then at .Jamaica, L. I. (1757-(j6), and at Westchester, N. Y. (1760- 75). He was obliged to resign his parish owing to his loyalist or Tory sentiments, which he ad- vocated in able pamphlets, sufl'ering im])rison- ment and practical exile for his convictions. In March. 1783, he was elected bishop by the four- teen Episcopal clergymen then resident in Con- necticut, and went to London to seek consecra- tion from the English prelates. But various difficulties, chiefly political, stood in the way of their action ; and, after waiting more than a year, he made tlie same request of the bishops of the Episcopal Church in Scotland. They, un- hampered by any connection with the State, were willing to act, and Seabury was accordingly con- secrated on November 14, 1784, by the Bishops of Aberdeen and Moray and Ross, and the Coad- jutor Bishop of Aberdeen. He returned to Amer- ica the following summer, and was more or less formally recognized as in charge not only of Connecticut, but of all New England. The validity of his consecration was, however, denied by some in the Middle and Southern States ; and the question was not finally set at rest until the General Convention of 1789 formally declared in favor of it by a unanimous vote. He died at New London, Conn. Consult Beardsley, Life and Correspondence of Samuel Seabury (Boston, 1881), and the authorities referred to under Episcopal Church. SEABURY, Samuel (1801-72). A Protestant Episcopal clergyman, grand.son of Bishop Samuel Seabury. He was born at New London, Conn. ; was ordained priest in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1828 ; was editor of The Churchman. 1831-49; rector in New Y'ork City, 1838-68; and professor of biblical learning in the General The- ological Seminary, 1862-72. He published: The Continuity of the Church of England in the Sia:- teenth Century (1833); Supremacy and Obliga- tion of Conscience (1860); American Slavery Justified (1861); The Theory and Use of the Church Calendar (1872) ; Discourses on the Holy Sjiirii (edited by his son, with memoir) (1874). SEA-BTJTTERFLY. A pteropod mollusk (Clione papilionaeea), a beautiful and rather large flesh-pink form, common in the Arctic seas, where it forms the food of the baleen whale, and is called by the whalers 'brit.' It has been observed on the Labrador coast rising and sink- ing in the water among the cakes of floe-ice. and is said to have been detected as far south as New Y'ork. It is an inch long, the body fleshy, not protected by a shell, the 'wings' being rather small. SEA-CLAM. A large bivalve of the north- eastern Atlantic coast {Mactra solidissima) ; it inhabits rather deep water, but is often east ashore in large quantities, and is useful as bait. SEACOAST ARTILLERY. See Coast Ar- tillery : Ordxaxce. SEA-COW. A huge, herbivorous, aquatic mammal of the order Sirenia (q.v.). The name