Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/782

SCOTT. (1830); Doom of Devorgoil; Auchindrane, or the Ayrshire Tragedy (1830); Essays on Ballad Poetry (1830); Tales of My Landlord (4th series); Count Robert of Paris; Castle Dangerous (1832).

For the facts of his life, consult: Lockhart's Life (London, 1838; often reprinted; best edition by Pollard, 1900); Scott's Journal (Edinburgh, 1890) and Familiar Lessons (ib., 1893); and R. H. Hutton, in "English Men of Letters" (New York, 1879). For Scott's influence on the Continent, consult Louis Maigron, Le roman historique (Paris, 1898): and Gotschall,. Die deutsche Nationallitteratur des 19ten Jahrhunderts, vol. iv. (Breslau, 1881). For estimates, consult: Carlyle's "Essay," in Critical and Miscellaneous Essays (London, 1840): Bagehot, in Literary Studies (London, 1895); and Stevenson's "Gossip on Romance," in Memories and Portraits (London, 1891); also Crockett, The Scott Country (New York, 1902). See also ; ;.  SCOTT,  (1862— ). An American economist, born in Clarkson, Monroe County, N. Y., and educated at the University of Rochester, with a post-graduate course in Johns Hopkins University (1890-92). He had taught political economy in the University of South Dakota from 1887 to 1890. and, on leaving Johns Hopkins, where he had acted as instructor in history, became assistant professor of economics in the University of Wisconsin, was titular professor from 1897 to 1900, and then director of the School of Commerce and professor of economic history and theory. His publications include Repudiation of State Debts (1893) and Reports of State Committees of Wisconsin.  SCOTT,  (1811-90). A Scotch poet and painter, born at Saint Leonard's, Edinburgh, he was a son of Robert Scott, the engraver, and a younger brother of (q.v.), the distinguished painter. He was educated at the Edinburgh High School, studied art at the Government academy and in the British Museum, and worked with his father at engraving. In 1837 he went to London and began his career as etcher and painter. In 1844 he was appointed master of the Government schools of design at Newcastle-on-Tyne, a post which he occupied with distinction till 1864. In the meantime he had executed a series of large pictures for Sir Walter Trevelyan at Wallington Hall, taking his subjects from border history and legend; and a few years later he also painted a series of designs from the King's Quhair for the stairway at Penkill Castle in Perthshire. His last years were passed at Chelsea, near his intimate friend D. G. Rossetti (q.v.), and at Penkill Castle with another friend, Miss Boyd. Among Scott's published designs is William Blake: Etchings from His Works (1878). On art or artists he wrote a Memoir of David Scott (1850): Albert Dürer: His Life and Works (1869); The British School of Sculpture (1872); Our British Landscape Painters (1872); Murillo and the Spanish School (1873): and works on the modern schools in France. Belgium, and Germany. His own illustrations added to the charm of these books. Scott began writing verse while living in Edinburgh. He was strongly under the influence of Blake and Shelley and later he came under the spell of Rossetti. His finest poems are contained in Ballads, Studies from Nature, Sonnets, etc. (1875), and in A Poet's Harvest Home (1882). A love for mysticism is most marked in The Year of the World (1846). After his death there appeared, under the editorship of W. Minto, Autobiographical Notes (London, 1892), interesting reminiscences of fifty years, particularly of Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelites (q.v.).  SCOTT,  (1858— ). An American geologist, born in Cincinnati, and educated at Princeton (class of 1877) and at the University of Heidelberg. Upon his return to America he was appointed professor of geology and paleontology at Princeton. The Princeton geological expeditions in the West and in Patagonia were under his lead and he made valuable additions to the geological and ornithological collections of the university. Besides many valuable monographs, he wrote An Introduction to Geology (1897).  SCOTT,  (1786-1866). A distinguished American soldier. He was born near Petersburg, Va., of Scottish ancestry, June 13, 1786; attended William and Mary College for a time; and was admitted to the bar in 1806. In 1808, however, he abandoned the legal profession and accepted an appointment as captain of light artillery. While stationed at Natchez, in 1810, he was court-martialed for accusing his superior officer, General Wilkinson, of complicity in the conspiracy of Aaron Burr, and was temporarily suspended from the army. Upon the outbreak of the War of 1812, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel and sent to the Canadian frontier. He crossed with his regiment to Queenstown, where the American troops were at first successful, but the British troops being reinforced, the Americans were repulsed with heavy loss and Scott was taken prisoner. In the following year he was exchanged and was then appointed adjutant-general with the rank of colonel. During the same year he was wounded by an explosion of a powder magazine after the attack on Fort George. In 1814 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. On July 5th he fought and won the battle of Chippewa, and on the 25th fought in the battle of (q.v.), in which he was twice wounded, the last time severely. He declined the appointment of Secretary of War at the close of hostilities, and was raised by Congress to the rank of major-general. He then prepared a set of extensive general regulations for the army, which was the first complete manual of military tactics prepared in the United States.

In 1841 he was appointed commander of the United States Army to succeed General Macomb. In 1847 he was given the chief command of the United States Army in Mexico, and on March 9th landed a force of 12,000 men at Vera Cruz, at once investing and bombarding the city, which surrendered on the 26th. On April 18th he carried the heights of Cerro Gordo, and on May 15th entered Puebla, where he waited for reinforcements. On August 19-20th he won the brilliant victories of Contreras and Churubusco. These were soon followed by the sharp and sanguinary battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec on the 8th and 13th of September respectively. On September 14th, with less than 8000 soldiers, he entered the City of Mexico and occupied the 