Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/761

* SCLATEK. 6"Jl SCOPAS. of The Ihis, a quarterly journal of ornithology. His writings include about twelve luiiulred nic- luoirs on zoological topics, and several extended works, such as the Moiiograiih of the Jaciinirs ami I'liff-Ilinis (1882). SCLERO'SIS (Xeo-Lat.. from (Jk. <rKXi)pu(ris, sklerosis, induration, from aKrip6t, sKliros, hard). A hardening, resulting from degenerative changes in which normal tissues are replaced by connective tissue, as in a scar; an induration. The hardening of the middle coat of an artery is termed arterio-sclerosis (q.v.). Replacing of the normal tissue of the liver by contractile con- nective tissue is termed eirrliosis of the liver (q.v.). Degeneration and destruction of the tissue of the spinal cord, or of the brain, is termed sclerosis, which in these cases is a fibroid and neuroglia induration. SCLEROS'TOMA (Neo-Lat., from Gk. (tkXv- p6s, sklCros, hard -)- • o-t^/xo, stotna, mouth). A well-known genus of roundworms. One species (ficlero.itoma syiifiamiis) is of special interest, as being the cause of the disease in poultry known as the gapes (q.v.). Another important species is t<clcrostonia dtiodenale. This worm, which usually measures about one-third of an inch in lengtli. is especially characterized by an asym- metrical disposition of four horny, conical, oval papilhe, of unequal size, forming the so-called teeth. This worm is tolerably common through- out Northern Italy. It also occurs in India. Brazil, the Antilles, Switzerland, and Belgium, and is the cause of the disease called miner's ana!mia. It is remarkably abundant in Egj'iJt, where, it is said, about one-fourth of the population are con- stantly suffering from a severe auiemic chlorosis, occasioned solely by the presence of this parasite. SCLEROTICA. See Ete. SCLOPIS DI SALERANO, sklo'pis de sii'la- rii'no, FEDEKUiO, Count ( 17'J8-1878). An Italian jurist and statesman. He was born in Turin and was educated at the University of Turin. He entered the service of the Sardinian Gov- ernment in the Department of the Interior, rose to be a member of the Supreme Court, and in JIarch, 1848, became ilinister of Justice in the Ballio Cabinet, going out of office, however, in July. In 1849 he became a member of the Sen- ate, over which he presided from 1801 to 1804. In the latter year he was admitted to the Acad- emy of Turin. He was nominated liy the King of Italy to the Geneva tribunal for the arbitra- tion of the Alabama Claims (q.v.) and was presi- dent of the court. He was the author of Storia drir ttiitica IcgisJazione del Pieiiwnte (18.3.3); Storia della legisUtxione italiana (1840-57) ; Sull' auloritd giudiziaria (1842): Le relazioni poli- liche tra la dinaslia di liapoia ed il governo hritinuiiro dill 12',0 al ISIS (1853). SCO'GAN", Henrt (c.1361-1407). The re- puted author of a collection of jests compiled in the sixteenth century. He is said to have been a fool al the Court of Henry IV. Though the col- lection was made as early as 1565, the earliest extant edition bears the date 1G26. The title runs The First and Best Parts of f^cogghis Jests. Full of Witt;/ Mirth and Pleasant S'hifls. done bg him in Frinwc and other jdaces: heing a Preserratire against Melancholg. Gathered hg Andreir Board, Doetor of Phgsielce. Andrew Boorde (q.v.) . the reputed collector, was a famous sixteenth-century wit, who satirized the fantastic dres8 of the time by a woodcut of a naked Englislmian standing with a pair of shears in one hand and a piece of cloth over the other arm, uncertain what style to wear. He probably had nothing to do with the compilation of the so-called Scogan jests, which was made by some unknown hand from various sources for the bookseller. Similar col- lections bear the name of .John Skelton (q.v.) and of Joseph Miller (q.v.). Consult Old English Jest Books, ed. by Hazlitt (vol. ii., London, 1804) : and see Jest. SCOLECIDA (Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. (TKiiXTjf, slol('r. w(uni ) . A name, now obsolete, of a group of -Annuloida or Vermes, comprising the Kntozoa of Cuvier and also the free Turbellaria. SCOL'LARD, Clinto.v (I800-). An Ameri- can ])oct and educator. He was born at Clinton. Oneida Counly, Xcw York. He graduated from Hamilton College in 1881, and ])irsucd gradiate study at Harvard Cniversity and in Caml)ridge, England. He was assistant professor of rhetoric at Hamilton College from 1888 to 18!>3, and from then till ISflO of English literature. He pub- lished several volumes of poems, both light and serious. They are: Pictures in l^ong (1884) ; ll'i(/i Peed and Lgrc (1886); Old and Scic IVorW Lgrics (1888); (liorio and (Siulia. a Metrical Romance (1892); Sonqs of ftunrise Ijands (1892); The Hills of l^ong (1895): t<h-enandoa (1896) ; .1 Bogs Booh of Rhgmc (1890). He has also produced two volumes of prose: Under Sum- mer Skies (1S92) and On Sunng Shores (1893). SCOMBRID.ffi (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. scomber, from Gk. andfifipot, skombros, mackerel). A large' and important family of spiny-rayed fishes, including mackerels, tunnies, and bonitocs. Some species grow to a very large size — 1,.500 pounds. They are migratory, traveling in schools, often in great numbers. The family contains about 00 species, most of which are excellent food-fislies, and some have a great economic value. See Mackerel; Fisiiekies. SCONE, skoon. A parish in Perthshire, Scotland, on the Tav. 2 miles from Perth (Map: Scotland, E 3). Population, in 1901. 2,302. It is first mentioned in the beginning of the tenth century as the ro.val city, when a covmeil was held there in the reign of King Constantine II. A monastery was built at Scone about the same period, and there was located the famous stone on which the kings of the Scots were inaugurat- e<l, and which was carried by Edward I. of i;ng- land to Westminster Abbey. An abbey wa.s founded by .lcxandcr I. in 1115, in which the sovereigns continued to be inaugurated and crowned. The last coronation celebrated at Scone was that of Charles II. on January 1, 1051. The viscounts of Storniont had a residence here known as the Palace of Scone. The present palace, belonging to the Earl of Mansfield, was erected on the same site after 1800. SCO'PAS (Lat.. from Gk. SxATras, t^kopas). A faniiius Greek sculptor, born at Paros and ac- tive during the first half of the fourth century n.c. He is tailed the arcliitect of the new Temple of .thena Alea at Tegca. whi<h replaced a temple burned in B.C. 395-94, and he was one of the sculptors of the JIausoleum (q.v.) completed aliout B.C. 350. Until recently the works of Scopas were known only through literary ref-