Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/744

* SCHTJKMAN. 674 SCHUYLER. Rrligion (1806): and Philippine Affairs: A K'lrositcct and tin Outlook (11102). SCHURZ, slHuts, Carl (182!)—). A Gcniian- .AiiK-riLHii soldier and ixilitiral leader, born at Lildar, Prussia. He was edueated at the gym- nasium of Cologne and the University of Bonn, at which latter phioe he became the associate of tiottfricd Kinkel (((.v.), then professor at Honn. in tlio |niblication of a liberal newspaper, and was engaged in the revolutionary movement of 1848-4y. as a result of which lie was forced to retire to Switzerland. In 1850 Schurz re- turned secretly to Germany, and with great skill suc<Tcded in bringing about the memorable escajje of Kinkel from the fortress of Spandau. After a residence in Paris as correspondent for German papers, and in London, where he was a teacher, he emigrated to the United States in 1852, settling first in Philadelphia and after- wards in Wisconsin, where lie made Eepublicau campaign speeches in German in 1856, and the next year was an unsuccessful candidate fur Lieu- tenant-Governor. In 1859 he began to practice law in Milwaukee. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention in 1860, and de- livered both English and German speeches, of re- markable eloquence, during the canvass of that year. In 1801 he was appointed Minister to Spain by President Lincoln, but resigned on the outbreak of the Civil War and joined the army. He was made brigadier-general in 1862; commanded a division at the second battle of Bull Kun. was commissioned major-general in 1863, led the Eleventh Corps at Chancellorsville. participated in the battles of Gettysburg and Chattanooga, and at the close of the war made a tour of inspection through the Southern States as a special commissioner appointed by President Johnson to inquire into the condition of afl'airs in the seceded States, his report having con- siderable influence. He was Washington corre- spondent of the Xew York Tribune in 1865-06, founded the Detroit I^ost in 1866, and the next Tear Ijccame editor of the Saint Louis Wcstliche Post. From 1869 to 1875 he served as United States Senator from ilissouri. He opposed many of the measures of the Grant administration, took a leading part in the organization of the Liberal Republican movement, and in 1872 presided over the Cincinnati convention which nominated Greeley for President. He supported Hayes in 1870, and afterwards served in his Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior (1877-81). In 1881- 84 he was editor of the Xew York Ereninrj Post. In the Presidential campaign of 1884 he was one of the earliest among the Independent Repub- licans to repudiate the nomination of Blaine, and in Xew York, Xew Jersey, Connecticut, and several Western States, he made vigorous speeches, favoring the election of Cleveland. Dur- ing his term of office as Secretary of the In- terior and after his retirement from public life, he was an enthusiastic advocate of civil-service reform, in support of which he wrote many arti- cles and reports and delivered many speeches. His publications include biographies of Henry Clay (1887) and of Abraham Lincoln (1891). SCHiJTT, shut. Two islands in the Danube, situated in the Hungarian plain between Press- burg and Komorn. and mostly in these two coun- ties. Great Schutt Island is bordered by the Danube proper on the south and west, and by the Little Danube and the Schwarzwasser (Oereg- dnna) (Map: Hungary, E 3). It is 58 miles long, from 10 to 20 miles wide, and is subject to the Hoods of the rivers, being low and even. Owing to its rich soil, it is called the Golden Garden of Hungary. Grain, fruits, and vegetables are raised. There are sugar factories. It has several towns, including Komorn, which is situated in the southeast corner of the island. The total population is about 23,500. — Little Sciiutt IsLA^•D, bordered by the Danube proper on the north and east, and by the "icselburger Danube, and lying to the southwest of Great Schutt Island, is 28 miles long. It belongs to the coim- ties of Kaab and Wieselburg. SCHtJTZ, shuts, Heinrich, known by the Latinized form of his name as Sagittakius (1585-1672). The most important German com- poser of the . seventeenth century, born at Ko- stritz, near Gera, Saxony. At the age of four- teen he became a chorister of the Court Cliapel at Cassel, in which city he also attended the gymnasium. In 1007 he went to JIarburg L-ni- versity, to study jurisprudence. He abandoned the law, however, and went to Italy, where he studied under Giovanni Gabrieli until the death of that master in 1612. In 1617 he was appointed Kapellmeister to the Elector of Sa.xouy in Dres- den, with whose orchestra he had been connected for two years. He w'as a prolific composer and writer and has been well described as "standing at the parting of the ways between Palestrina and Bach." In his writing he combined the im- pressive Italian choral style with the new dra- matic nionodic style of ilonteverde. He was the composer of the first German opera, Dafnc (1027). SCHUYLER, ski'Ier, Eugene (1840-90). An American diplomat and historian. He was born in Ithaca, X. Y'. After graduation at Yale( 1859), he practiced law in Xew Y'ork, entered the dip- lomatic service (1860). was made consul at Mos- cow (1867-09), at Eeval (1809-70), and secre- tary of legation at Saint Petersburg (1870-70). In 1S73 he traveled for eight months through Russian Turkestan, Khokan, and Bokhara, and Avrote Turkestan (1870). In 1876 he was made secretary of legation and Consul-General at Con- stantinople, and prepared a report on Bulgarian atrocities that had international consequences. He was subsequently consul at Birmingham (1878) and Rome (1879), chargg d'affaires and Consul-General at Bucharest (1880), and (1882- 1884) ^Minister Resident and Consul-General to Greece, Servia, and Rumania : then, returning to America, he devoted himself to literary work. He was Consul-General at Cairo till his death. His chief books are Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia (1884) and American Diplomacy and the Furtherance of Commerce (1886). His chief es- says were posthumously collected in Italian In- fluences, with an accompanying volume Selected Essaiis, uith a Memoir hit Evelyn Schuyler Scha'effer (1901). Schuyler was also translator of Tursenieff's Fathers and Sons (1867) and Tolstoy's The Cossacks (1878). SCHUYLER, Montgomery (1843—).^ An American journalist, born in Ithaca, X. Y. He studied at Hobart College, but did not graduate, and in 1865 joined the staff' of the Xew York