Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/738

* SCHBODTEB. 668 SCHUBERT. " fxctuted in water-colors He was also an excellent is "The Four Sca^on^, (Karlsruhe Gallery), etcher. SCHROEDER, shre'der, Leopold von (1S,-,I ). A Cierinan Sanskrit sclnjlar, born in Dorpat. and edmatcd therc and iindt-r Roth in Tiihinyen. After liaving been doeont at Dorpat he beoiniie profi'ssor of Sanskrit at Innsbruck in 1894 and at. Vienna in 18!»9. His most impor- tant work is the valuable and very condensed Imlicns LUterattir iiiid Kiiltiir (1887). Besides, he edited the Atiiitruiiani Samhita (1881-80), and the Kiithiikam. die' .Sdiii/ii/o dcr KOthti-Quhha ( 1000), and puldished Die formeUc Viilcr.ichci- diiiKi dcr KcdilrUi- iiii (Iricrhificlicit tind Latci- Gri<chischc Ootlrr iind Heroen (1887), Hoclizcifs- hruiu'he der Lstlicn ( 1888), and ^yorte dcr ^yahr- keil. a version of Buddhist proverbs (18S12) ; the tragedy Adiiiiy .Sioidora (1887), and poetical ver- sions of .Sanskrit songs aud proverbs, Uanyo- bliiten (1802), and of Indian dramas for the German stage, Prinzessin Zofe and Snkiintala (1803). SCHUBAET, shoo'bart, Christian Fried- Kuii Damel (1739-01). A German poet and musician, born at Obersontheim. in Swabia. In 1703 he became a preceptor in Geisslingen, and six years afterwards lie was made director of music and organist in Ludwigsburg. but on ac- count of quarrels and a parody be wrote upon the litany lie was forced to leave. He led a restless and dissipated life at Heidelberg, JIannheim, Municli. Anpsburg, and. Llm. At Augsburg he started in 1774 the Deutsche Chronik, a periodi- cal, which met with universal favor in Germanv. For ten years, from 1777 to 1787, he was arbi- trarily ini]nisoned in the fortress of Hohen- asperg by Duke Charles of Wiirttemberg. After his release lie put himself under the protection of the King of Prussia, and was made director of music of the Court and theatre at Stuttgart. Though not belonging to the school of SUirm und Drang, Schubart possessed much of its spirit. While in prison he published an edition of his Siinitliche fledichte. Among his finest single poems are "Die Fiirstengruft" and "Hyninus auf Friedrich den Grossen." His complete works were published in eight volumes at Stuttgart in 1839-40. SCHUBERT, shoo'bert, Franz (1707-1828). X famous Austrian composer. He was born .lanuary .31, 1797. in Vienna. His violin lessons began at the age of eight. A few lessons from an elder brother, Ignaz, sufficed to start him on the pianoforte, and he continued to study by him- self. In 1808 he passed his examination for the Court choir. The manuscript of a piano duet. Leichenfantasie, after Schiller, bears date April 8-May 1, 1810. He was not then fourteen; the next year was important in his development as a composer, for from it date liis first songs, "Hagar's Klage" and "Der Vatermorder." Salieri. who was one of the instructors at the "Stadtconvict." where Schubert received a general schooling, was so struck with "Hagar's Klage" that he made arrangements for Ruczizka to give the boy lessons in harmony. At this time Franz already had composed chamber music, which he took home with him on holidays and tried over in the family circle. His brothers, Ferdinand and Ignaz, played first and second violin, Franz himself viola, and his father "cello. In 1813 be began work on an opera, Des Teufels Lustschloss, and composed a symphony. During this year his voice broke, and he was obliged to leave" the choir. Some of his most important compositions were written during this period — between his seventeenth and twentieth years. At this time, too, he formed a close attachment for ilayrhofer, whose melancholy disposition was the very opposite of Schubert's joviality. Of Des Teufels Lustschloss, finished in 1814, only the first and tliird acts remain. The composer gave the score to Josef Hiittenbrenner for a small debt, and in 1848 a servant lit the fire with the sec- ond act. Several of Schubert's other scores also met with a similar fate. One of his best masses, that in F, dates from this year. In 1810. when he was only nineteen years old, he wi'ote his most famous .song. "The Erlking," and another almost as famous, "The Wanderer." .Josef Spauii. who had provided him with music [laper at the choir school, chancing to call upon him one afternoon found him working excitedly over Goethe's poem. The very same evening the com- poser appeared at the school with the finished song. It seems incredible at this day that five years should have elapsed before this immortal song was lieard in public, yet such was the case. Previously, however, it had been sung frequently in private. To the "Erlking" year belongs, be- sides many other compositions, the Tragic Si/m- phony. Although his application for the post of musical instructor in Laibach was unsuccessful, he was able to obtain freedom from the drudgery of teaching through the generosity of one of his admirers. Franz von Schober. He was a student at the University of Vienna, who, having heard some of Schubert's songs, recognized the genius of their composer, and invited Schubert to live with him. It was through this friend that Scliu- bert was introduced to the famous barytone Johann Michael Vogl, who made many of his songs known. In 1818 Count .Johann Eszterhazy ofi'ered Schubert the post of music teacher in his family, with a residence in winter in Vienna and in sum- mer at Zelesz, in Hungary. This an'angement, however, did not last long, for early in 1819 Schubert again was sharing ilayrhofer's quarters in Vienna. The first public performance of a song by Schubert appears to have been at a concert in 1819, when the ''Schafer's Klagelied," sung by Franz Jiiger, a tenor, was received with applause. About the same time he sent some of his settings of Goethe's poems, among them "The Erlking," to the poet. The latter, however, never aclcnowl- edged them : nor did he appreciate "The Erlking" until late in life, when he heard it sung liy Scliriider-Devrient. Vogl induced the manage- ment of the Kiirnthnerthor Theatre to commis- sion Schubert to set to music the farcical Die Zirillingsbriider. It was produced in June, and had six repetitions, without, however, making a decided impression. Despite the large number of Schubert's com- positions, and the fact that they were being more and more performed and admired in private circles, not one of them had yet been published. In 1821 Leopold von Sonnleithner. to put an end to the disgraceful neglect to which the composer was subject in his native city, took "The Erlking"
 * iiAT/if/i( 11^74). I'litlitiyuids iiiul die Indcr{SSi) ,