Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/735

* SCHORLEMMER. 665 SCHRADER. Sir Hpmy Roscoe; tlie first part of tliis work was published iu 1877, but the work is still incom- plete) : The Rise nnd Dcvvlopmcnl of Onjanic Chctiiislry (1879), an historical work of consider- able value. Consult Koscoe's sketch of Schor- leiiimer in the I'rocecdings of the Hoyal Society (182'.l-!i;!, 52 vii). SCHORN, shorn, Karl (1803.50). A Ger- man liistorical painter, born at Diisseklorf. He studied under W'aeh of Berlin and Corne- lius of JIunich, and first came into notii'e tliroujih the firm and brilliant color of his pictures "Mary Stuart and Kizzio," "Charles V. at San Yustc," and "Cromwell Before the Battle of Dunbar" (Kunipsberg Museum). He took part in fresco- int; tile arcades of the Hofgarlen in -Munich, and designed cartoons for the side windows of the Regensburg Cathedral. His chief work was or- dered by Frederick William IV. of Prussia, "The Anabaptist Prisoners Before Bishop Fran/, of Miinster in 1536." In the National Gallery at Berlin are "Capuchin Friars and Wallenstein Soldiers at Cards" (1837), and "Pope Paul III. Before the Portrait of Luther" (1839) ; in the New Pinakothek. at JIunich, "Knox Disputing with Soldiers." and the colossal "Deluge" ( 1845- 60, finished by Piloty). Schorn was a professor in the Jlunich Academy after 1847. SCHOTT, Charles Anthony (18261!)01). An American civil engineer, born in Mannheim, Baden. He was educated at the Polytechnic School at Karlsruhe, came to the United States in 1848, and became permanently attached to the computing division of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. In 1855 he was appointed to supervise the magnetic work of the survey, and became at the same time cliief of the com- puting division, an office which he held until 1899. In 1899 he received the Wilde Prize and 4,000 francs from the Academy of France in recognition of his scientific writings, published in the documents of the Smithsonian Institution and the reports of the Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey, which were considered the most important in' the history of terrestrial magnetism. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a founder of the Washington Academy of Sciences. SCHOTT, shot, Walter ( 1861 — ). A German sculptor, born at llsenburg, in the Harz Moun- tains. First instructed by Dopmeyer at Hanover, he frequented the Berlin Academy in 1880-83 and develo]ied especially under the influence of Kcin- hold Begas. Of several graceful mythological and genre figures, a group of "Charity" and a "Girl Bowling" are especially noteworthy. His statues include those of "Frederick William 1.," in the White Room of the Royal Palace, Berlin, of "Albert the Bear." in the Sieges-AlK-e, Berlin, arid the equestrian statue of "Emperor William I." at the Kaiserhaus in Golsar. A series of can- delabra with groups of animated figures, in the garden of the New Palace at Potsdam, well ex- emplify his sterling decorative w'ork. His nu- merous busts are of singularly spirited concep- tion. He was awarded gold medals in Berlin, Dresden. Munich, Antwerp, Chicago, and Vienna, SCHOTT, WiLHELM (1807-89). A German Orientalist. He was born in Mainz, studied at Giessen. Halle, and Berlin, and in 1838 be- came instructor of Eastern Asiatic languages in the University of Berlin, lie wrote many val- uable works on the languages and literature of Asia and Finland; chief among them are I'ocubularium i^inicuiii (1844), UiKldhiKiinis in HiichusicH und in Chinii (1844), liidochiiiesische Kpniche (1856), Chiiuxixche Vcrskiiniit (1857), I'innisehe tdiid esthiiischc Ueldensatjen (18UU), and Zitr Viyurcnfrage (1874-75). SCHOTTISCHE (Ger. Scottish). A slow modern dance in j time. Probably it was in- vented by Jlarkowski. a well-known London teacher of dancing, alid first danced in 1848. It is a round dance somewhat reseudjling the [wlka (q.v.). SCHOXTLER, skiiTi'ler. ,Iami:s (1839—). .Vn. iericnn liistorian. born at .rlinglon. Mass. He was graduated at Harvard in 185!). practiced law in Boston, joined the Union Army ( lS(i-i-03|. and resumed the jiracticc of law. on which he lectured in Boston I'niversity (1884), and at the National Law School. Washington. He lectured also on American history in .Johns Hopkins I'niversity after 1889. He wrote legal treatises on The Imw of Domestic Ilclations (1870), The Lnw of Hail- ments (1880), The Laic of I'ersoiKil Property (1873-76), TheLaicof Iliisboitd and Wife (18H2), The Law of Executors and Administrators ( 1883), and The Law of Wills (1887). To history he contributed a Life of Thomas Jefferson (1893), Historical Briefs (1,896), Const it utiwial Studies (1890), and a History of the United States Under the Vonstitution (18*80-98). The last is his nio.st important work, and is in many respects the best history of the United States as a nation — that is, not including the colonial period. It is the fullest narrative stretching from 1783 to 1865. and, while emphasizing politics, does not neglect social matters. It is pro-Northern in tone, but thor- ough and judicious, its chief defects being those of manner rather than matter. SCHOUTEN, sKou'trn. Willem Corkelis (c.1567-1625). A Dutch navigator, born at Hoorn and long in the employ of the Dutch East India Company. Engaged in 1615 by the mer- <'hant Isaac Le Maire to find a western route to the East Indies, he set sail with his patron from Tekel, discovered the strait known by the name of the latter, separating Staten Island from the main island of Tierra del Fuego, and was the first to round Cape Horn, which he named after his birthplace. .Since that time the outer route around the extremity of the continent has been used by sailing vessels in preference to the inner passage through the Straits of Magellan. Arriving in India. Schouten reentered the service of the East India Company. He died in .Madagascar. SCHOUWEN, sKou'ven. One of the islands forming tlie Dutch Province of Zealand (<i.v. ). SCHRADER, shra'der, Euerhard (1836—). A (ierman Orientalist, especially fiuiuMl in .Vs- syriology. He was born in Briuiswick. studied at (iiittingcn under Ewald, and was successively appointed professor of tlieolog;' at Zurich ( 1803) , at Giessen (1870), and at .lena (1873), and in 1875 was called to the chair of Oriental languages in Berlin. He wrote: Studirn ;»/■ Kritil: und Eridiiruny dcr bitilisehen Uryeschichte (1803); Die assyrisch-habylonischen Keilinschriflen (1872) ; Die h'cilinschriften und das Mte Testa- ment (1.872; 2d ed. 1883); Die Hiillenfahrt dcr