Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/727

* SCHOLL. 657 SCHOMBURGK. Mcikuiirdigkeiteth { 1847 ), and many contributions to ihv iiiticisiii (jf GoetiK'. Consult the biograpliy by bis sou Kiii'diii'li ( Uorlin, 1883). — His son Kliiui.f (lS44-'.i:fl was born in Weimar anil after sluiiyinj; at Giittingen and lionn traveU'd in Italy with Tlieodor iloninisen. He was sueeessively ])rofossor at Greifswald, Jena, Strassburj;, and Jlunieb. He wrote Legis Duodeciin TubiiUiruiii licl'uiuiw (18l)U) and Dc Hynegoris Atticis (1875). — His brother Fkiedkicii (1850 — ) stud- ied at tiottinijen and Leipzij;, and in 1877 l)ecanie professor at Heidelberg. Best known as a pupil of Ritsclil, SehiiU was one of the co-editors of the Teubner text of Plautus (1892-95). SCHOLL, shol, AuRlSuE. (1833—). A French journalist, dramatist, and niiseellaneous writer, born at Bordeau.x. Having studied at the Col- lege dc Bordeaux, ho went to I'aris in 1S50. He founded successively Le Xiiin Janiie, he Club, Le Jockey. Le Lorgnoii (189). After tlie Franco- German War be was on the staff of UEvthieinent (1872-82), tlien editor-in-chief of Le Voltaire (1882-83), and an editor of L'Echo de Paris (1883-85). Scholl published in 1851 a volume of ver.ses, Deiiise. He collaborated in many dramas and showed his clever and piquant wit at its best in L'csprit dii boulevard (1883) and L'amour appris sans mai(re (1891). SCHOLL, shel. M.ximili. Samson Fkied- RICH (1700-1833). A German historian and di]iloniat, born at Harskirchen. in Nassau-Saar- briicken. Having embraced the principles of the French Revolution, he for a time held office in Strassburg, but was compelled to flee to Ger- many. Subsequently he held various diplomatic positions in the Prussian service, and he accom- panied Hardenberg to the congresses of Vienna, Aix-la-Chapelle, Teplitz, Troppau, Laibach, and Verona. His many published works include : His- loire de la Uttcrature roinaine (1815) ; Recueil de pieces officielles dcsiinees a detrompcr les francais sur les ^v4neincnis qui se sont passes depuis qnelques anuses (1814-16); Recueil des pieces relaiires on congres de Yienne (1816-18) ; a continuation of Koch's Histoire abrigce des traites de paix, etc. (1817-18); Archives his- toriques et politiques (1818-19); Tableau des rrvolulions de I'Europe (1823) ; and Cours d'his- toire des Hals europfens depuis le boulcverse- mrnt de I'rmpire romain jusqu'en 1789 (1830- 33). his most elaborate work. SCHOLTEN, sKcM'ten, Jan Hendrik (1811- 85). A Dutch theologian. He was born at Vleuter, near Utrecht, studied at Utrecht, and was minister at Meerkerk (1838-40). He was professor of theology at the Athe- noeum of Franekcr, 1840-43, and in the Uni- versity of Leyden, 1843-81. Scholten was the head of the critical school of theology in Holland, and in some of his views approached the position of the Tubingen school of Germany. He pub- lished many works, the greater numlier dealing "vvith questions of New Testament criticism or theology. Host of tlu>m are accessible in French or German translations. He summed up his teaching in his fai'ewell address, Afschiedsrede (1881). Consult Kuenen, Levcnsbericht van I. Henricus Scholten (Amsterdam^ 1875). SCHOLZ, sholts, Bernhard (1835—). A German composer, born at ^lainz. He studied the piano with Ernst Pauer and theory with S. W. Dehn. In 1856 he was appointed teacher of theory at the Uoyal School of Music in Munich, and from 1859 to 1805 was kapellmeister at the Court Tlieatre in Hanover. In 1883 he succeeded Kair as director of the lloch Conservatory at Frankfort. Besides the operas Carlo Rosa (1858), Morgiuiic (1870), l)er Trompeler von KiicKingcn (1877), and Ingo (1898), he com- posed a requiem, cantatas, a symphony, a string quintet, and other chamber music, choral works, and songs. His best-known work is his setting of Schiller's Lied von dtr (llockc, for solo, chorus, and orchestra. SCHOMANN, she'man. Georg Fhieurich (1793-1S79). A tierman philologist and archipol- ogist. He was born at Stralsund, and after studying at Greifswald and Jena was professor of classical literature at the former university from about 1826 till his death. His works, which refer ehielly to Greek law and literature, are distin- guished by their profundity and clearness. Among tlie most important are: D<r atlischc Pro- cess (with Meier, 1824, reediled by Lepsius, 1883- 87); Griechische Altertiimcr (18,50-59; Eng. trans, by Hardy and Mann, 1880) ; several grannnatieal works and critical editions of Isa'us (with translation. 1831): Phitarch's Agis et Cleomenes (1S39); -Eschylus's Prometheus (1844); Cicero's Dc Xatur'a Dcorum (1850); and Hesiod's Thcogony (1808). Selections from his minor works on (ireek history, mythology, and arclucology were published in his Opuscula Acodrniiea ( 1850-57 ) . SCHOMBEKG, shwn'bCrK, Frederick Her- mann, Duke of (1615-90). A German soldier of fortune, born at Heidelberg. He served in the army of the United Provinces and in the French army. During the War of Liberation in Portugal he held important commands and finally succeeded in compelling Spain to rec- ognize the independence of that country (1068). In 1675. again serving with the French army in Catalonia, be won the grade of marshal. He left France in 1685, and after serving a short time with the Elector of Brandenburg was a])pointed by the Prince of Orange his second in conunand in the English expedition of 1688. Afterwards (1689) he" received the title of Duke of Schom- berg in the English peerage, was made a Knight of the CJarter. and also master of tin- onlnancc, besides receiving a grant of £100.000 fnmi Parlia- ment. In the expedition ;igainst Ireland he took a prominent part, but was killed at the battle of the Boyne. SCHOMBUBGK, shom'bSorK, Sir Robert Her.manx (1804-05). A traveler and explorer, born at Freiburg, in Prussian Saxony. He emi- grated to the United States in 1829, and the next year removed to Anegada, one of the British West India islands, which he thoroughly explored. In 1835 the Royal Geogi-a])hical Society sent him on a scientific expedition to British Guiana, where he explored a vast tract of territory previ- ously almost unknown. In 1840 he was sent to Guiana, where be spent another four years ex- ploring the Hinterland and surveying the boun- daries of the colony. The so-called 'Scliomburgk line' played an important part in the controversy between Great Britain and Venezuela. (See Ven- EZTEi.A.) In 1844 he was knighted. Four years later he was appointed British consul at Santo Domingo, and in 1857 he was promoted to be Consul-General at Bangkok. His published