Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/721

* SCHNAASE. 651 SCHNETZ. at Wiesbatlen in 1807. As an author he niatle hiuisfll' lirst known by his y ietU'rlundische liricfc (1834). which hoie witness to his philosopliio- historical conception of art, and was folhiwcil by numerous minor treatises and essays. His nias- tcr^ork, liowever, is the Ocschivhte tier bihliuden Kiinste (1843-(i4; 2d cd. 18(15-7!)), which created an epoch in the devcU)i)menl of the modern science of art. In contradistinction to other art-his- tories, based on formal criticism, Schnaase in it sought to deduce the manifestations of artistic proiluction from the physical, moral, and intel- lectual peculiarities of nations and to demon- strate how all other vital eh'ments pervade artis- tic life. With rare universality of scientific training he treated art-history as an integral part of the history of civilization. Consult his biography by Liibke (Stuttgart, 1879). SCHNABEL, shniilid, Joiiann Gottfried (c.ltiOO). A German author, who was known under the pseudonym of Gisander. Boring a part of his career he was in the service of Count Stolberg, but very few other facts concerning him are Icnown. He wrote some of the best "Rob- insonadeu," or imitations of Robinson Cru.soc, that appeared in German, such as ^y u.iiderliche Fata einiger Seefahrcr (1731-43), Die Inneln im Siidineere (republished 1S2(!), and the famous Die TuscI Fclsenhcr;/ (republished 1827). SCHNECKENBTJKGER, shnek'en-boorK-er, Max (1819-49). A German poet, born in Thal- heiui, Wiirttemberg. He was partner in an iron foundiy at Burgdorf, near Bern. His best known poem. Die ^yacht amRliein, although composed in 1S40. did not become famous until the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. It, was set to music by Karl Wilhelm. SCHNEEBEEG, shnii'berK. A town in the Kingdom of Saxony, Germany, 19 miles by rail southeast of Zwickau (Jlap: German}-, E 3). Mining and lace-making are the main industries. Kobalt is chiefly mined. The .Schneeberger brand of snuft" is well-known. The late Gothic church contains a fine crucifixion by Cranach the elder. Population, in 1900, 8752. SCHWEIDEMtfHL, shni'dc-mul. A town of the Province of Posen. Prussia, 153 miles by rail northeast of Berlin (Map: Prussia, G 2). The town has handsome churches, a Catholic semi- nary, and a provincial deaf and dumb asylum. There are important glass works. Population, in moo, 19.655. of whom 6399 were Protestants. SCHNEIDER, shni'der, Friedkich (1786- 1853). A German composer, boi'n at Alt-Walters- dorf. Saxony. He attended the Zittau Gnnnasium and later the Leipzig University. ' In 1821 he was called to Dessau as Court Kapellmeister, hav- ing liecome famous the year previous by the production of his great oratorio. Das Welt- gcricltt. While at Dessau he did much to- ward ]5erfecting the Court orchestra, conducted the Singakademie, established the 'Lieder- tafel,' and founded a school of music in 1829, which flourished until 1854. Among his works are the oratorios. Die Siindfut. Christvs der Meister, Pharao, Gethsemane und Golgotha, and Absalom. He also wrote masses, motets, pianoforte and violin music, symphonies, and songs. SCHNEIDER, Johan'N Gottlob (1750-1S22). A German classical philologist, born in Saxony, Vol. XVH.— 42. and educated at the universities of Leipzig and GiJttingen. In 1776 he was appointed professor of ancient languages and history ut the Uni- versity of Franklort-on-tlie-Oder, and in 1811, when the university was nioed to Urolau, ho went there as university librarian. He published many editions of the classical writers, parlicular- 1}' those relating to natural hi.story. These include the worki of .Kliau, Nicander, and the Scrip- tons h'ei Jtustica ; he further editeil Xenophon, Vitruvius, Aristotle's I'ulitivs. aliiral History, Eeunoitiics, I'hgsics, etc. One of the largest ui his publications was a critical (Iricvhiselidvulsches Wiirterbiieli. in 2 vols. (Ziillich, 1797-98; 3d ed., Leipzig, 1819-21). Consult Bursian, lUsvhichte dcr klasHischen Fhiloloyie in Dculschland (Leip- zig, 1883). SCHNEIDER, Louis (1805-78). A German actor and author, born in Berlin, the son of a musical conductor, whom he accompanied on his travels until, in 1820, he secured an engagement at the royal theatre in Berlin. For twenty- eight years a great favorite as a comedian there, he wrote several plays and operettas, the most successful of which were Uer Ueiratsantrag auf Helgoland, Der Schaiispieldircklor and Dcr KurnMrker und die I'iiardc. When, in 1848, he retired to Potsdam, Frederick William IV. appointed him his reader and made him an aulic councilor, in which capacity he continued un- der William I. During the campaigns of 1860 and 1870-71 he accompanied the headquarters of the army as reporter for the Slaats-An:eiger. Besides the historical novel, Der hiise HIick (2d ed. 1871), he published: Gesvhichte der Oper und des kdniglichen 0}>ernhauses in Berlin (1852); Kiinig Wilhelm (1869); Kaiser Wil- helm. 181)7-71 (1875). Two works appeared posthumously and aroused great interest: Aiis meinem Lebcn (1879-80) and Aus dcni Leben Kaiser Wilhelms (1888). SCHNEIDEWIN, shni'de-vin, Fbtk!)kicii WiLUKLM (1810 50). A German classical scholar. He was born at Helmstedt, and was educated at Gottingen, where he was pi-ofcssor of classical literature from 1837 until his death. His works include Delectus I'ocsis Gra'coruni Elegiacw, lambicw, Meliem (1838-.39); lieit- riige zur Kritik der Portw Lyi-ici Grwci (1844) ; Martial's Epiqrhnnnata, with critical com- mentary (1842": text, 1853 and 1860) ; and Soph- ocles, with critical commentarv (7 vols., 1849- 54, frequently reedited by A. Nanck). After 1846 he edited the well-known Philologus, which he had founded. SCHNETZ, shnets, Jean Victor (1787-1870). A French historical and genre painter. He w.is born in Versailles, and st>i<lifd in Paris under David, Regnault. Gros, and (It'rard. He is im- portant as marking a transition between the t Neo-Classicists of the beginning of the nine- teenth century and the Romanticists. Sehnetz was made a member of the Institute in 1837, and director of the French Academy at Rome in 1840. .Among his best works are the decorations of the ceiling in the Septif'me Salle, in the Louvre; "Vow to the Madonna" (Luxembourg) ; "Gypsy Woman Foretelling the Future of Sixtus V." (1820. replica Raczynski collection. Berlin) ; the "Vintager Asleep;" "Bride of the Goatherd." His best historical painting is "Saint Elizabeth," in Notre Dame des Bonnes Xouvelles, Paris.