Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/720

* SCHMIDT. 650 SCHNAASE. (1800) ; Dcsccn<ion::lilirc iiml Oarmnismus (1873 3d c(l. 1884) ; and Die tiiiugcthicre in ilirein Vcrluiltnis :ur Vunvclt (1884). SCHMIDT, WiLiiKLM Adolf (1812-87). A liiomini'iit Uermaa Iiistorinn, born in Iteilin, where he studied liisloiy and pliilolofeT,', and in 183!( cs- tablislu'd liiniscli as liTtnifv. In 1845 lie be- came piofessor there, in 1851 at Zurich, and in 1800 at Jena. As a member of the Reichstag in 1874-70. he bclon-ied to the National Liberal Party. His more' important works include: <le- schU'hlf (Ivr Dcnk- und Glaubcnsfmhcit im ersten Jahrhumhrt der KaitteiherrschafI und dcs Christ- enlums (1847); Preusscns dciilsche I'olilik (3d ed. 1807) ; Zcitgciiossisclic Gcschichlcn: I. Frank- reich von ISJ.'i bin 1S30. II. Ocsterrcich von 18S0 biK IS'iS ( 185!)) ; Elsasz und Lolhringcn (3d ed. 1870) ; Tableaux de la rivolulion franQaise publics siir les papicrs ini'dits du dcpartement et de la police secrete de I'aris (1807-71) ; Pariser Zitstiinde UMhrend dcr licvolutionsxit 17S0-J800 (1874-70) : Das I'crikleische Zeitalter (1877-79) ; Abhandluiiflcn cur alien (leschichte (1888). He edited the 8th issue of Hecker's Wcltrjcschichte, 22 vols. (Leipzifj, 1874-7!)). Consult Landwehr, Ziir Eriimerung an Adolf Schmidt (Berlin, 1888). SCHMIDTLEIN, shmlt'lin, .Jakob. A Ger- man tlicoloj.'ian. See Andre-E, .Jakob. SCHMIDT RIMPLER, rim'pler, Hermann (1838 — ). A German ophthalmologist, born in Berlin and educated there. After acting as clini- cal assistant to Griife lie went in 1871 to Mar- burg, where he started a university clinic for dis- eases of the eye, and whence in 1890 he was called to G'ittingen. Soon afterwards he went to Halle. He wrote Ueber TSlin-dsein (1882), Augcnhcil- kunde und Ophthalmoskopie (1885; 7th ed. 1901), and Erkriivkungen des Augcs im Zusam- nienliang niit aiidcrcn Krankheiten (1898). SCHMITZ, .shniits, Bruno (1858—). A Ger- man arc'liitcct. born in Diisseldorf and trained in the academy of that city. He received the first jirize for his design of a memorial to Victor Em- ijuiiiucl in Home and built a national monument in Indianapolis, a museum in Linz, and another in Stockholm, the new synagogue in Berlin, and the Kaiser Willielm Memorial on the Kyfthiiuser, which, ^^•ith memorials to the same Emperor at the Porta Westphaliea and at Eheineck. near Coblenz, rank.s him as one of the foremost of (Jer- man architects. SCHMOLLER, shmol'ler, Gustav (1838—). A distinguislicd German economist and historian, horn at Heilbronn. He studied at Tubingen, in 1864 became professor extraordinary, and in 18G5 professor ordinary at Halle. In 1872 he was called to the University of Strassburg, in 1882 to the University of Berlin. Schmoller gained at a comparatively early age a reputa- tion as a leader of the historical school of economics. The great majority of his numer- nus books have been devoted to some phase of in- dustrial history. He has done besides much work in the history of economic thought. Among his best known works are; Strnssburg zur Zeit der Zunflkiimpfe (1875); Zur Litteraturge- sehichte der l^laats- und Hozialwissenschaf I en (1888); Dus Merkantilsyslem, translated. The Mercantile System (1890); Grundriss der allge- meinen Volkswirthschaftslehre (1900). Since 1881 Schmoller has been editor of the Jahrhuch fur Gesel-.gehitnij. I erirallung und ulkst( irlh- schaft im Deutschen Heich. Frcnn 1878 to 1903 he edited a series ol monographs entitled Staats- und SozialimssenschaftUche Forschungen. SCHMUCK'ER, Beale Mel. cuthon ( 1827- 88). An American Lutheran theologian, best known for his liturgical labors. He vas born at Gettysburg, Pa., and studied there in college and ill tlic theological seminary. He held pastoral charges in JIartinsburg, Va. (1845-51), and in Allentown (1852-2), Easton (1862-07), Head- ing (1807-81), and Pottstown, Pa. (1881-88). With !Mann and Germann he edited the American revision of the Hallesche Nachrichtcn. Schnuu-ker founded many Lutheran schools and took a prom- inent part in the preparation of the common service now in use in the Lutheran Church. SCHMUCKER, or SMUCKER, Samuel MosiiElM (1823-03). An American author. He was born at New Market, Va., graduated at Washington College in Pennsylvania in 1840, became a Lutheran minister, was admitted to the bar in 1850, and de'oted most of his later years to writing. His publications include: Life of John G. Fremont, leith his Explorations (1850) ; Life and Times of Alexander Hamilton (1856) ; Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson, (1857) ; The Yankee Slave-Driver (1857) ; Life of Dr. Elisha Kent Kane and Other American Explorers (1858) ; Life and Times of Henry Glaij (1859) ; Blue Laics of Connecticut (I860) ; History of the Modern, Jews (1860) ; and the first volume of A Historxi of the Civil War in the United States (1803)". SCHMXTCKER, Samuel Simon (1799-1873). An American Lutheran divine. He was born at Hagerstown, Md. ; graduated at the University of Pennsjdvania, 1819; studied in Princeton Theo- logical Seminary, and was ordained a Lutheran minister in 1821. He was pastor of a church in Newmarket, Va., 1820-26; professor of didactic • theology and chairman of the faculty in Gettys- K burg Theological Seminary 1826-64. He was the •I leader of the low-church IjUthcran ])arty who are connected with the General Synod, and was better known outside of his communion than any other Lutheran minister. Of his numerous pub- lications may be mentioned: Fraternal Appeal to the American, Churches on Christian Union, ( 1838 ), which prepared the way for the forma- tion of the Evangelical Alliance; The American Lutheran Church" { 1851 ) : The Church of the Re- deemer as Developed Within the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (1870). SCHNAASE, shnii'ze, Karl (1798-1875). A distinguished German art-historian and jurist, with Rumohr, ^^'aagen, and Kugler. one of the founders of modern art-history, who conceived art in its connection with the universal, cultural, and intellectual life. Born at Danzig, he began the study of law in 1816 and matriculated at Heidelberg also under Hegel, whom he followed to Berlin. Assessor at Konigsberg in 1826, he was promoted to other positions at Marienwerder (1829), and at Diisseldorf, where he took great interest in the newly awakening artistic life, and in 1848 was appointed councilor at the Supreme Court in Berlin, but resigned in 1857 to confine himself to his studies. With Griineisen and Schnorr he founded in 1858 theChristliclies Kunst- Matt, sojourned in Rome in 1865-66, and settled