Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/718

* SCHMID. 648 SCHMIDT. SCHMID. slimit. rniiisri)rii vox (17G81854). A CiTiiKin writiT of juvenile works, born at Diiiktlsl.iihl. His principal juveniles, which wcri' very p(i|iiil;ir and were translated into French and English, are Biblische Oeschichte fiir Kinder, Uvr Wcihiiachtsabciid, Gcnofeoa, Ostt-reicr, Uas Ultimciikdrbchin, and Erziihiutigen fiir Kimlir iiiiil Kindcrfrcunde (1823-29). His autobio^-rapliy, KriniH-rtingcn aus meinem Lehen, was puMished in 1871. SCHMID, Hi;i!ii.NN VON (1815-80). A Ger- man novelist and dramatist, born at Weizcn- kirclien, Austria, and educated at ^Municli. In 1870 he became manager of the tiartnerthor Theatre, but resigned the position after a few j-ears. His phtys. collected in 1853, include several historical dramas, such as Karl Stuart and Columbus', but his greater success was in portraying peasant life, as in Die Z'undcrictirz'n (1878) and Dcr Lodcr (1880). In his novels, too, such as Alnienrausch und Edelweiss, Der Uubameister, etc., he is at his best when de- scribing Bavarian customs. SCHMID, Jl.vTTiiiAS (1835—). An Austrian genre painter, born at Sec, in the Paznau Valley, Tyrol. He got his early training in painting at home, and in 1853 went to Municli, where in 185G he entered the Academy. In 1871 he became a pupil of Piloty and turned from religious sub- jects to satiric genre pictures of the Tyrolese priesthood, like '"Mendicant Friars" and "A .Tudge of Jlorals" (1872). A later manner, free from anticlerical animus, is showni in "The Betrothal" (187!)), "His Reverence Lathered" (1883). "Going on a Pilgrimage" (1886), and "The Holiday Orator" (1893). SCHMIDT, shmit, Erich (1853—). A Ger- man historian of literature, born at Jena, son of Oskar Sclimidt. He studied Germanic phi- lology and literary history at Graz. Jena, and Strassburg, established himself as privat docent at WUrzburg in 1875, became professor at Strass- burg in 1877, at Vienna in 1880. and director of the CJoetbe archive at Weimar in 1885. Thence he was called to Berlin in 1887, to succeed Wil- helm Schcrer in the chair of German language and literature. Devoted almost exclusively to the investigation of modern literature, especially of the classical period, he published: Riclmrd- son, Rousseau, xmd Goethe (1875); Lenz und K linger (1878); Beinrich Leopold Wagner (1879); Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Klopstock- schen Jugendlyrik (1880): Charakteristiken (1st series 1880; 2d series 1900); and the ex- cellent biography of Lessing (2d ed. 1899). He edited two volumes of the Schriften der Goethe- Gesellselmft (Weimar, 1886 and 1893) ; Fatist, for the Weimar edition; and in 1887 he pub- lished Goethe's Faust in tirspriinglicher Gestalt (3d ed. 1894), discovered by him in Dresden. SCHMIDT, FRTEnRiCH. Baron (1825-91). A distinguislied architect, born at Frickenhofen, Wiirttemberg. He studied under Breymann and Mauch in the Polytechnic at Stuttgart. At the age of eighteen he obtained work as a mason on the cathedral at Cologne, where after two years he became a master mason. In 1857 he Avas called to the Milan Academy as professor, and was awarded the contract for restoring the Church of Sant' Ambrogio. In 1859 he sett:led in Vienna, was appointed professor at the academy in 1860, architect of Saint Stephen's in 1863, and was raised to a baronetcy in 1888, His principal buildings in Vienna are the church of the Lazarists (1860-02), the parish church at Fiinf- haus (1864-74), the gymnasium (1863-60), and the new city hall (1872-83), his most imposing work. He was one of the most eminent exjioncnts of the Gothic style in German architecture. Con- sult Reichensperger, Zur Charakteristik dcs Baumeistcrs Friedrich Freiherrn von Schmidt (Diisscldorf, 1891), SCHMIDT, Geoko Fbiedeich (1712-75), A Gernum engraver and designer, born in Berlin. He studied art there under Busch, and luidcr Larmcssin in Paris. In 1744 he was appointed engraver to Frederick II., in Berlin, and in 1757 he was sununoned to Saint Petersburg by the Empress Elizabeth to engrave her portrait and to organize a school of engraving. His engrav- ings and etchings in the style of Rembrandt rank with the best work of the eighteenth century in Germany. He engraved about 200 plates, tlie best of which are "The Empress Elizabeth of Russia," "Count Nicholas Eszterhftzy," "Pierre Mignard," "The Virgin and Child with Saint John," "The Raising of Jairus's Daughter," and "The :Mothcr of Rembrandt." SCHMIDT, Henry Immanuel (1806-89). An American clergyman and educator. He was born at Nazareth, Pa., and was educated at the Jlo- ravian Academy and Theological Seminary of his native place. He joined the Lutheran denomina- tion and during the earlier years of his career held pastorates in Bergen County, N. J. : at Bos- ton, Mass., and at Palatine, N, .J. He also taught at Hartwick Seminary, N. Y. ; Pennsyl- vania College, Gettysburg, Pa., and later at the theological seminary of that place. In 1848 be became professor of the German language and literature at Columbia College. He was the author of a History of Education (1842; 10th ed. 1858) ; The Scriptural Character of the Lutheran Doctrin'e of the Lord's Supper (1852) ; Course of Ancient Geography (1860). SCHMIDT, .Johannes (1843-1901). A Ger- man philologist, born at Prenzlau, Prussia, and educated at Bonn and Jena. In 1868 he obtained a position as docent in comparative philology at Bonn and became adjunct professor in 1873. In the same year he was called to the professorship of comparative philology at Cxratz, and in 1870 he accepted a similar chair in Berlin, where he remained until his death. His first important contribution was his 'wave theory' with reference to the relationship of the Indo-Germanic lan- guages, (See PiiiLOLOGY.) Among the most important of his numerous works were: Die Vcrwandtschaftsvcrhiiltnisse der indogennanisch- en Sprachcn (1872); Ueber die Theiluiig des indogermanischen Sprachstammes (1873); Zur Geschichte des indogermanischen Tokalismus ( 1875) ; Die Pluralhildungen der indogermanisch- en Neutra (1889); Die Urheimat der hidogcr- mancn und das europiiische Zahlsystem, (1890) ; and Eritik der Sonantentheorie (1895). He was joint editor with Ernst Juhn of the Zeitschrift fiir vergleichende Sprachforschung from 1875 until his death. SCHMIDT, JoHANN Friedrich Julius (1825- 84 ). A German astronomer, born in Eutin. He was employed in the Hamburg Observatory (1842-45), and for a short time at a private observatory at Bilk. He became assistant ob-