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* SCHLIEMANN". 646 SCHMALKALDEN. works arc the drxcIiUhtc dcs 1$. Jahrhundcrtx, eontimiod by Sohlosser in the later editions till the fall of .Napoleon, and the WeUgeschwhic fiir das Deutsche Yolk; both have been translated into Knglish and other tongues. Schlosser's his- torical writing was done from the ethical, rather than the severely critical point of view, and has enjoyed considerable popularity. SCHLOZEB, shlet'ser, August Ludwig von ( 1735-1809) . A German historian, born at Gagg- stadt. lie studied theology and the Oriental liinguages at A'ittenberg and Giittingen, went tO' Slockliolni and Upsala in 1755, and returned to Gottingen in 1759, to study music. From 1701 to 17(i9 he was in Saint Petersburg, and then be- came professor at Gottingen. The must impor- tant of his works are: Allgemeine tiordische Gcschichte (1772); Weltgeschichfe im Auszu(ie und Zusammenhange (1792 and 1901), and or- hereitung zur Weltgeschichfe fiir Kinder (6th ed. 1806), with both of which he did pioneer secrct'a^ent of Frederick II. of Prussia to Mu- work by a more intelligent and spii-ited treat- nieh and Zweibriicken. with the special mission ment of universal history. Consult Zermelo's of preventing the cession of Lower Bavaria to August Ludwig Schliizer (Berlin, 1875). SCHLOZER, KuBD von (1822-94). A Ger- man diplomat and historian, born in Liibeck, and educated at Gottingen, Bonn, and Ber- lin. He entered the Prussian service in 1850, became secretary of the legation at Saint Peters- burg in 1857, at Rome in 1863, Minister of the North-German Confederation in Mexico in 1867, German Ambassador at Washington in 1871, and in 1882 Prussian Ambassador to Rome, where he took a prominent part in settling the Kultur- kampf. He retired from public life in 1892. Among his works are: Choiseul und seine Zeit (2d ed. 1887) ; Geschichte der deutschen Ostsee- lander (1850-53) : and Friedrich der Grosse und Katharina 11. (1859). SCHLUTEB, shhi'ter. Andreas (1664-1714). A German sculptor and architect. He was born in Hamburg, as the son of a sculptor, studied in Italy, and, after spending three years at Warsaw as architect, was called in 1694 to Berlin as Court architect. But he lost the favor of Fred- erick I., and spent the last two years of his life in the service of Peter the Great, in Russia. Schliiter's most famous works are the decora- tions in the Potsdam 'Marmorsaal,' the: main part of the Charlottenburg Castle, the Berlin Arsenal, with its masks of dying warriors, an equestrian statue of the Great Elector (1703, his masterpiece), the northern part of the Berlin Castle, and the mausoleum of Frederick I. and his consort. He is reckoned the greati st German sculptor of his day. and in Berlin aloi.e there are more than eighty of his statues. For his biogra- phy, consult Kl'oden (Berlin, 1855), Adler (ib., 1862), and Gurlitt (ib., 1890). SCHMALKALDEN", shmal-kiil'dCT, or SMALCALD. A town in the Province of Hesse-Nassau. Prussia, at the confluence of the Stille and the Schmalkalde, 18 miles southwest of Gotha (Map; Prussia, D 3). It has been largely modernized, but retains its double walls, ancient court house, and castle. Interesting features are the fifteenth-century Gothic church, with a fa- mous organ, and the Luther fountain. There are iron mines and salt baths. The manufactures are chiefly of hardware. Schmalkalden is first mentioned in 874. It is famous as the scene trnnslnted >inder the title tiihticmann's Excava- tions <nul Arvhaological and Historical litudics (London. 1891). SCHLIK, -»lilik, Franz, Count von ( 1789-1802).

iistiian cavalry general, born in Prague. In the campaign of 1813-14 he took a promi- nent part, winning tlie rank of major. In 1844 he had become tield-marshal lieutenant, and in the winter of 1848 he was ordered into Upper Hungary at the head of a corps of only 8000 men, with which he at first carried on a suc- cessful campaign against a superior force, but was soon forced to retreat. lie joined Win- dischgriltz's forces and contributed to the victory of Kiipolna. In 1859 he commanded the second Austrian army, which formed the right wing at Solfcrino. SCHLITZ, shlits, .Tohann Eustacii von GiiKT/, Count of ( 1737-1821). A Prussian diplo- mat, born at Schlitz and educated at the Uni- versity of Strassburg. In 1778 he went as the Austria alter the death of Maximilian Joseph. In 1779-85 he was Ambassador to Russia and ren- dered important services, though he failed to pre- vent Russia's withdrawal from her alliance with Prussia. After the death of Frederick II, he went to the Netherlands for the purpo.se of reconciling the.Stadtholder's Government and the democratic party. From 1788 to 1806 he was the Prussian representative at the Imperial Diet at Regens- burg. He took part in the peace congress held at Rastatt in 1797-99, and served as a member of the Imperial commission formed to execute the provisions of the Treaty of Luneville (1801). He resigned from the State service after the Treaty of Tilsit (1807). His writings include: Mimoires ou prhis historique sur la neutrality armie (1801); Mimoires et actes authentiques relatifs uux ncgoeintions qui ont precfdi le por- tage de la I'oloyne (1810); Memoire hisloriiiue de la n4gociation en I77S (1812). His posthu- mous IJistorisrhe iind politische Denkwiirdig- keiten were published in 1827-28. SCHLOMILCH, shle'milK, Oskar (1823- 1901 ). . German mathematician, born in Weimar. He studied at Jena, Berlin, and Vienna, became privat-docent at Jena in 1844, and two years later assistant professor. In 1849 he was called to the Polytechnic Institute at Dresden as professor of higher mathematics and analytical mechanics. He was widely known as editor (from 1856) of the Zeitsehrift fiir Mathematik und Physik (Leipzig) .usually called Schlomilchs Zeitsehrift. He wrote: Handhuch der ulgebrai- schen Analysis (6th ed. 1881) ; Analytisehe Studien (1848) ; Compendium der hiihern Analy- sis (1853); Vebungshuch zum Htudium der hohern Analysis (4th ed. 1888) ; Grundziige einer wissenschaftlichen Durstellung der Geometrie des Masses (7th ed. 1888) ; Analytisehe Geome- trie des Uaumes (last ed. 1898). Consult Zeit- sehrift fiir Mathematik, vol. xlvi. (Leipzig, 1901 ; with portrait). SCHLOSSER, shb'.s'ser, Friedrich Chris- TOPH (1776-1801). A German historian, born at Jcver, Oldenburg. He studied at Giittingen, was for several years a private tutor, then a librarian in Frankfort, and in 1817 was called to Heidel- berg as professor of history. His most notable