Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/693

* SCAKRON. 625 SCEPTRE. Scarron's fEuvrcs were collected in 10 volumes (Paris, 17;i7) siud in 2 volmucs (ib.. 1S77). and tlie dramatic work* in 1 volume (ib., 187!)). There is a translation, The Comical Works of ticanun, with an intruductinn by Jusserand (London, 18i)2). Consult: ilorillot, iScunoii ct Ic ;/r/iiv builcsiiiic (Paris, 1SS8); Le lircton. I.i roniiin att XIIe)iie siccle ( ib., 181)0); Kiirtiiij;, (Ir- schichte dcs fraiizosischcn Hoiihiiis i'ih X ll.Juhi- hundcrt (Oppcln, 1891) ; and Peters, Scurron und sciiic xiKiiiischni Quelhn (Erlanyen, 1803). SCARTAZZINI, skar'ti-tse'n^, Jouann An- DRE.vs i l.s;i7-l'.iul ). A Swiss theolo;;ian and a Eomancc scholar, born at Bondo ((irisons) and «ducated at Basel and Bern. He i)reached for a time near Bern, then taught Italian in the cantonal school of Chur, was pastor at Soglio from 1875 to 1884, and spent his last years at Fahrwangen (Aargau). He edited Tasso (2d ed., 1882) and Petrarch (1883), but his great contribution to Italian literature was his work on Dante, which includes Dimie AUghieri, seine Zeit. srin Lebcii ninl seine WriJ.e ( 18(jlt, 2d ed. 1879), Abhaiidliiiii/eii iihrr Diintv (1880). Uante in Gennaniii (1880-83), the excellent Dnnlc, villi ed opcre (1883, and 1894 under the title Dnii- toloqiu), an edition of tlie Dii-ina Pomincdia (1874-82), Prolcf/omcni (1890), Danlc-Iland- bucli (1892), an edition of the Commcdia (1893. 2d ed. 1895), the Eiwiclopcdia Ddulcseu (1S9G-98), Daiilc als Geistcslield (1890), and Concordanza dclln Divina C'ommedia (1901). SCAUP (from Icel. slcfitp-hwna, scaup-duck). Any of several ducks of the Xorthern Hemi- sphere, of the same genus (Aythya) as that of the eanvasback and redhead, and having similar habits. The typical scaup is that of the Old World (Aythija iiKtrilti), represented in North America by a variety (ticarctica), com- monly called 'bluebill,' 'broadbill,' or 'black- head.' It is 18 inches or more in length. The male has the head, neck, and upper part of the breast and back black; the sides of the neck glossed with rich green; the back white, spotted jir and striped w i t h black lines : the speculum w h i t e. T h e female has brown instead of black, and old fe- males have a broad white band around the base of the bill. The flesh of the scaup duck is tough, and has a strong fishy flavor. Closely allied but smaller is the leaser scaup, or 'little blue- bill,' etc. {Aylhy<i affinis). which has the head glossed with purjile instead of green. A third species is the ring-necked duck or 'moon- bill' (Aijlhijo coUriris), in which the brown of the fore parts is intcrnipted by a pale band about the neck. All these breed in the north, but are abundant in the spring and fall throughout the United States on the larger bodies of fresh water, as well as along the coast. SCEATTA. A small coin, usually of silver, but sometimes of gold, used in Britain during the seventh century, the earliest type of coin BILL OF A SC.^UP. known there after those of the Roman occupa- tion, SCENES OF CLERICAL LIFE. A group of siories by (icorgc Klini ( ls5si. luiginally pub- lished in JiUickicoud's Muyiizine, comprising her lirst attempts in liction and depicting laitblnlly a soi-icty wiiich she knew well. SCENIC AND HISTORIC PRESERVA- TION SOCIETY, AiiKitRA.N. A national or- gani/alion for the protection of American scenery and the preservation of -Anieriian landmarks, in- corporated bv the New York State Legislatire in 1895. In 1897 the State of New York, at the in- stance of the society, bought 33 acres of land around Stony Point, the scene of (!en. Anthony Wjune's exploit in 1779. and intrnsteil the im- provement of the property to the society. In 1900 the State bought about 35 acres at the head of Lake George, in New Ycnk State, nnide famous by events during the French-andlndiaii and Hevo- lutionary Wars, which it lias erected into a State reservation. In 1903 the society jiecured fa- vorable action from the New York City (Jovern- ment for the preservation of Fraunces's Tavern, Manhattan, the scene of Washington's farewell to his ollicers. These illustrate the scope of the society's operations. SCENT GLANDS (from OF., Fr. senlir, to feci, perceiye, smell, from Lat. scniiic, to per- ceive by the senses; connected with Goth, siiipx, journey, (JUG. sinnaii, to strive after, (!er. sin- nrii, to perceive). A large and diversified group of glands found in many animals, generally open- ing into the terminal portion of the intestine near the anus. The secretion of these glanils is nearly always repulsive (to man. at least), iind in some cases, as, notably, that of the skunk, is employed as a means of defense. The term is more strictly applied to the glands occurring in many carnivora and rodents, which consist of follicles that empty their secretion into small sacs with muscular walls and narrow orifices, placed one on each side of the anus. The civet cat has an anal sac on each side of the vent, as well as two other sacs opening by a conunon out- let in front of the vent. From the latter sacs is excreted the substance known as civet (see Civet), which is employed in the composition of perfumes. In the beaver analogous glanils are found in both sexes near the genital orilices, in the form of large pyrifonn sacs, called preputial glands, which furnish the castoreum of conunerce. From castoreum is prepared the castor of the pharmacopfeia. SCEPTRE (Lat. scrplnini, from Gk. o-k^ttt/wi', shrplrun. stalT, from aKriirreiv, skCptcin. to pro)!, to throw: connected with Skt. ksip. to throw). A staff of some precious material serving from time inunemorial as the most notable syndml of royalty. Both in the Old Testament and in Homer, the most solemn oaths are sworn by the sceptre, and Homer speaks of the sceptre as an attribute of kings, princes, and leaders of tribes. The sceptre was in very early times a truncheon pierced with gold or silver studs. Ovid s])eaks of it as enriched with gems, and made of precious metals or ivory. The sceptre of tlK> kings of Rome, which was afterwards l>orne by the consuls, was of ivory and surmounted by an eagle. Some sceptres are surmounted by a cross, by a hand in the act of benediction,' or by some suitable