Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/654

* SATANISM. 586 SATINWOOD. will) was ih.' i,ilining IjoJ.v of a mule woman, held in lier ouUtrclclieil hands the lighted can- dles. The substances employed in the elements were numerous. Hosts which had been conse- crated according to the rites of the Church, either by Satanist priests or by true ])riests from whom they were stolen by false communicants organ- ized for this purpose, i)layed an imjiortant part. Of the other components, at least in former tiines according to some authorities, the least objection- able were the wafers ])reiiared from the ashes of one murdered child mixed with the blood of an- other. On the completion of the sacrilege of the Ulack Host follows the defiance of Christ and the exaltation of Satan, after which the Black Mass apparently becomes in some cases a mere orgy of licentiousness. Satanism seems to be in great part a survival of the worship of demons, for it does not regard Satan as benetieeiit in any way. or as ill-treated, but as a iiend more ])werful than the powers of good, who have been unable to keep the promises which they have made to the world. The Satan- ists thus stand in contrast to two classes of Devil- worshipers with whom they have certain points in common — the Ophites, on the one hand, a Gnostic sect who regarded Yahweh as evil, but the serpent, because of his gift of knowledge to the world (Gen. iii. 5), as the greatest benefactor and deity of mankind; and the Persian Yezidis, on tli<' other, who believe that the Devil will be restored to heaven and that those who are kind to him in this time of his distress will be re- warded by him then, while those who are his enemies now will be punished by him in the future world. But. furthermore, it is clear that phallicism plays an important part in this cult, l)oth from the goat and the prominence given to women in the ceremonies, as well as from numer- ous details of the Black Mass. A striking ana- logue may be drawn in this respect between Sa- tanism and the v(imucarya», or sectaries of the left-hand Tantra worship of India (see S.KTAs). Satanism may, therefore, be regarded in a very real sense as a survival of old pagan demon and fertility cults. This natural survival, however, became complicated by a revolt against the Cath- olic Church, probably about the twelfth century. This side of the cult soon became the more pro- nounced and now absorbs at a superficial glance all interest in the subject. It is, indeed, to this that Satanism probably owes its continued ex- istence. The connection of Satanism with magic and sorcery is very close. Indeed, the practical object of the Black Mass is to prepare Black Hosts for magic purposes. Those resorting to this mass naturally gained the reputations of witches and wizards, especially in media>val times when the ceremonies were often held at old Druidical dolmens, which already had supersti- tious associations. The entire idea of the witches' Sabbath, made famous, fof instance, by Goethe's scene of the Walpurgis-Night in Faust, is based on this cult. The history of Satanism is obscure. Attempts have been made to prove Gilles de Laval, Baron de Retz (1396-1440) (see Bluebeakd), one of its first adherents, but even in its organized form it is probably much earlier. It existed pertinacious- ly with a recrudescence in the reign of Louis XIV., and is still practiced, especially in France, but probably in lessening degree. Its American stronghold is said by some to have been the ill- fated city of Saint Pierre in Martinique. Consult: Michelet, La sorciere (Paris, 1890); Huysmans, La-has (ib., 1891) ; Bois, Les petites rcliyions de Paris ( ib., 1894) ; id., Le sulanisme ct la mayic (ib., 1895) ; id., Le monde invisible (ib., 190^) ; Jaulmes, Le salunisme et la super- stition «tt moyen age (Montauban, 1900). See also Demonolooy; Magic; Ophites; Phalli- cism; Witchcraft; Yezidis. SATANSTOE. A novel by James Fenimore Cooper (1S4.5). It is a tale of colonial life in New York. The title is the name of a neck in Westchester County, near Hell Gate. SATAN'TA (Kiowa Het-faii'i-ti, White Bear) (?-187S). A prominent Kiowa chief distin- guished alike for his prowess on the warpath and for his eloquence, which gained for him the title of the 'Orator of the Plains.' He was con- sidered next in authority to the elder Lone Wolf (q.v. ). He was already acknowledged as a chief in 1804, and first came into official prominence as one of the signers of the Medicine Lodge treaty of 1807, by w'hich his people agreed to come in upon a reservation. For an attack upon a wagon train in Texas in 1871. in which seven white men were killed, Satanta and two other chiefs were ar- rested, tried for murder, and sentenced to life im- prisonment in the Texas penitentiary. Here he committed suicide by throwing himself from an upper story of the hospital. SATAPATHA-BRAHMANA, sha'ta-piit'ha- braK'ma-na ( Skt., Brahmanical treatise of the hundred paths). The title of a well-known San- skrit work connected with the White Y'ajur-Veda. See Brahiiaxa; Sanskrit Literature; Veda. SATELLITES (OF., Fr. satellite, from Lat. satcllcs, attendant). Certain celestial bodies which revolve round some of the planets, as these latter revolve round the sun. Astronomers sometimes apply to them the generic term •secondary planets.' The earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (qq.v.) each pos- sesses one or more of these attendants. The moliion of all the satellites with the exception of those of Uranus and Neptune is direct, i.e. from west to east. The satellites of Uranus and Nep- tune, wliose planes of revolution are nearl.y per- pendicular to the ecliptic, have a retrograde mo- tion, i.e. revolve from east to west. The eclipses, inequalities, inclinations, and reciprocal attrac- tions of the satellites have been carefully noted from time to time, and the theory of their mo- tions, at least of the most prominent of them, has been found to coincide with that of the moon. See Moon. SATIN (OF., Fr. satin, Olt. setino, from ML. setinus, satin, silken, from seta, silk, from Lat. seta, swta, bristle, stiff hair). A fabric or form of weave in which so much of the filling is brought uppermost in the weaving as to give a more lustrous and unbroken surface to the cloth than is seen when the warp and filling cross each other more frequently. The term satin is very rarely applied to any other than silk fabrics, but there are woolen, linen, and cotton satins known in the markets, which are usually called satce7i^. See Weaving for full explanation of satin and other weaves. SATINWOOD. A beautiful ornamental wood obtained from both the West and East Indies.