Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/647

* SARSAPARILLA. 681 SARTI. The part of the plant used in medicine is the dried roots, which are of about the thickness of a goose-quill, generally numy feet in length, red- dish brown, covered with rootlets. They are folded in bundles about 18 inches long, are scent- less, taste nuicilaginous, feebly bitterish, faintly acrid. fSarsaparilla was formerly consi<lered a diaphoretic, diuretic, and alterative, and was used extensively, especialh- in syphilis and rheu- matism. It is now known to be practically inert, and aside from its tise as a vehicle for potassium iodide in the form of the compound syrup of sar- saparilla it is chiellj- employed in "spring medi- cines' and other much advertised 'blood-puriliers,' which are harmless as far as the sarsaparilla is concerned and jjrotitable to their makers. See Smilax. SAB'SEE'. A small detached tribe of Atha- pascan stock (q.v. ), originally a part of the Beaver Indians of Peace River, but later taking refuge for protection with the Blackfeet. and now- settled upon a reservation upon the headwaters of the Saskatchewan, near Calgary, Alberta Prov- ince, Canada. They are descriljcd as lazy, de- graded, and demoralized generally, yet law-abid- ing. They number about 230, of whom 30 claim to be Christians. SARS'FIELD, Patrick, Earl of Lucan (1645-93). An Irish .Jacobite soldier. He was born at Lucan, near Dublin: received a militarj' education in France; entered the English army and rose to the rank of colonel in 1686. He served Under ilonmouth in France, but was in the victorious army wlien ^Monmouth was defeated at Sedgemoor. He was a Roman Catholic and at the revolution was a member of Parliament. He supported King James II. in his eft'ort to retain the crown, accompanied him to France, and thence to Ireland, and fought at the battle of the Bo_^Tie. William III. was forced by him to raise the siege of Limerick in 1690. In 1691 he com- manded the reserve at Aughrim, and after a gal- lant defense of Limerick obtained fair terms of surrender and was allowed to retire to France, where lie became marechal de camp in the French service. He distinguished himself at the battle of Steenkirke in 1692, and at Xeerwinden in 1693, where he was wounded, dying shortly after- wards. SARTAIN, sar-tan', John (1808-97). An English engraver and editor, active chiefly in America. He was born in London, October 24, 1808. He studied line engraving under John Swain, and while vet a lad illustrated Otlev's Early Florentine school (1826). In 1828 "he began to practice mezzotint, which he was the first to introduce into America. In 1830 he emi- grated to Philadelphia, where he developed a prodigious activity, not only in his profession, but as editor of two magazines and in serving as a member and coimcilor of many societies of art. As an engraver he has left works of con- siderable value. Two of the largest and most important plates are "Christ Rejected" (1862). after Benjamin West, and "The Iron-Worker and King Solomon" (1876). after Christian Schues- sele; among others are those of Penn and Jlartin Van Buren. after Inman. and Henry Clay, after John Xeagle. He also practiced portrait paint- ing in oil and miniature painting on vellum and ivory, though with less success, and designed sev- eral public monuments, the principal of which is the Washington and Lafayette Monument in Philadelphia. Among his numerous important positions was that of chief administratcjr of tine arts at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. He died in Philadelphia, Uetobcr 25, 1897, leaving a family of talented children. IC-Mii.v ^AHTAix (1S41 — I, mezzotint en- graver, etcher, and portrait and genre painter, studied at the Pennsylvania Academy, and with Luminals in Paris. She has engraved a number of framing prints, besides numy portraits for book illustrations. Her painting "Keproof" ( 1876) gained a medal at the Centennial Exposi- tion. From 1881 to 1883 she was editor of Old- Coiiliiirnt, and since 1886 has been principal of the Philadelphia School of Design for Wonu-n. In 1900 she was sent to Paris by the Uniteil States Government as delegate to the Interna- tional Congress on Instruction in Drawing. Samlel Sartaix (1830 — ), engraver on steel, son and pupil of John Sartain, has been chiefly engaged in engraving poftraits and other plates for book illustration. His jirints include "Clear the Track." after Christian Schuessele (1854); "Christ Blessing Little Children," after Sir Charles Eastlake ( 1861 ) ; the "Song of the An- gels," after Thomas Moran ; and various portraits after Thomas Sully, .John Ncaglc, and others. Consult John Sartain, Reminiscences of a 'cri/ Old Man (Xew York, 1899). SARTAIN", William (1843—). An Ameri- can landscajie and genre painter. He was born in Philadelphia, the son of John Sartain, the en- graver, imder whom he worked until 1867. From 1867 to 1869 he studied tinder Christian Schues- sele and at the Pennsylvania Academy, after which he went to Paris, studying under Yvon and Bonnat. He sketched throughout Europe and in Algiers, first exhibiting at the Royal Academy, London, in 1875, returning to the t-^nited States in the following year. Sartain is professor of the life class of the Art Students' League, Xew York Cit}', and is one of the origi- nal members of the Society of American Artists. Among his works in oil are an "Italian Head" (1876); "X'arcissus" (1878), Smith College, IMassachusetts; and "Lucia, Near Algiers;" in water-color are an "Arab Caf6" (1880), and a "View of the Ghetto, Venice." "In the Hacken- sack Valley" and the "End of Day" are examples of his latest works. SARTHE, siirt. A northwestern inland de- partment of France, north of the Loire (Map: France. F 4). Area. 2396 square miles. Popula- tion, in 1896, 425,077; in 1901. 422,699. It is a region of plains traversed by low hills and by undulations and watered by the River Sarthe. Agriculture is the leading industry; mining and manufacturing are also important. Capital, Le ilans. SARTI, siir'te, Gir.SEppE (1729-1802). An Italian composer, born at Faenza. He studied under Padre Martini at Bologna, and in 1751 produced his first opera. Pompco in .Irmenia, which was performed at Faenza with great suc- cess. His principal operas were Le gelosic villane and Giiilio fsahino. In 1779 he became maextro di cnppclln of the Milan Cathedral, and thereafter limited himself to the composition of church nuisic. In 1784 he went to Saint Petersburg as music director to the Court of the Empress Catharine. His operas are 30 in number; but