Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/646

* SARMIENTO DE GAMBOA. ^580 111' llie uufortuiiHte colony escaped SARSAPARILLA. Only n I v btiirvalioii. SAB'NIA. A port of entry and the capital of l^uilituu County, Ontario, Canada, on the Saint Clair River nud'llie Grand Trunk Railroad, oppo- site Port Huron, Mich., with which it is connected by n stcani ferry and by a railroad tunnel be- neath the river (Map: Ontario, A 5). It is the last port of entry for Canadian vessels bound to the upper lakes! Sarnia has manufactures of ale and beer, lumber, iron castings, machinery, woodeinvare, woolens, leather, etc. Population, in IS'.ll. (!(i!12: in l'.)01, S170. SABNO, siir'niV A city in the Province of Salerno, Italy, situated on the Sarno, 12 miles by rail northwest of Salerno (Map: Italy, J 7). The city is dominated by the ancient castle of Count Francesco Coppola. Paper, silk, cotton, linen, and hempen fabrics are manufactured. The chief jiroducts are grain, olives, grapes, and sulphur. Sarno was a countship before it was incorporated with Naples. Near Sai-no occurred a battle in 553, in which Narses defeated the Goths, and ended their reign in Italy. Popula- tion (comnnine), in 1901, 18,475. SAKPE'DON (Lat., from Gk. SapiriiSioi-). (1) In (ireek iiiytliolugy, the son of Zeus and Europa. He became King of the Lycians, and his father gave him the privilege of living through three generations. (2) A Lycian prince, the grand- son of the preceding, or, according to some, the son of Zeus and Luodamia. Homer represents him as an ally of the Trojans, distinguished for courage, and slain by Patroclus, after which Apollo rescued and purified his body and had it transported into Lycia for burial. SABPI, sar'pi". rAOLO (1552-1G23). An Ital- ian historian and supporter of the Reformation. He was a Venetian by birth. He entered the Servite Order at the age of thirteen, taking the name of Frit Paolo, by which he is often known. He taught theology and philosoi)hy with success, and studied other sciences eagerly, making some notable discoveries in anatomy. He was ordained priest, and in 1579 became jirovincial of his Order. He returned to Venice in 1588 and pursued his studies: but his intimate relations with the op- ponents of the Church caused some suspicion of his orthodoxy, and three applications for a bishopric were refused. On the outbreak of the <'onfiict between the Repul)lie of Venice and Paul v., he threw himself vigorously into the anti- Papal party, and liecame the official counselor of the Republic in ecclesiastical matters. Under his advice Venice banislied the Jesuits from its terri- tory. In lOOG he was summoned to Rome to ap- pear before the Inquisition, but refused to obey. He maintained his relation with Protestant lead- ers in various countries, and began his History of Ihe Council of Trent, which gives him his greatest fame, though it is so colored by his violent preju- dices as to be thoroughly untrustworthy. It was published in London (1619) by Marcantonio de Dominis and at Geneva (1629). probably by Diodati. For his biography, consult lives by Robertson (London, 1894).' Campbell (Turin, 1875), Balan (Venice, 1S87), Pascoliito (Milan, 1893) ; Trollope, Paul the Pope and Paul the Friar (London, 1860) ; Fontanini. Storia arcana delta vita di P. Sarpi (Venice, 1803). SARPSBORG, siirps'bor-y'. A town of the Province of Smaalenene, Norway, on the right An order of plants. bank of the Glommen, 08 miles by rail south- southeast of Christiania. Its port on the Christiania Fiord is Sannesund. The town is regularly built. To the north lies the lake of Glcngsliiilen ; to the east are the innnense falls of the Glommen, 140 feet broad and 74 feet high. The town owes its importance to the utilization of this natural power for mills. There are cal- cium carbide, wood |)ulp, paper, aluminum, spin- ning, weaving, and saw mills. Population, in 1900, 6888. Sarpsborg was founded in the eleventh century and was destroyed by the Swedes in the sixteenth century. The new town dates from 1840. SABRACE'NIA, Side-Saddle Flower, or PiTCiiEi! Plant. A genus of singular marsh plants, natives of North America. Sarracenia purpurea is common from Hudson Bay to South Carolina; the other species, of which there are four or five, are confined to the Southern .States. They are perennial herbs with radical leaves and scapes, which bear one or more large flowers. The leafstalks are hollow and urn-shaped, the blades articulated at their apices, and fitting like a lid — a form which suggested the popular names. The genus is the type of the small natural order Sar- raeeniacese, of which the other genera are Heli- omphora, which has been discovered in Guyana, and Darlingtonia in California. All the species are insectivorous through their peculiarly modi- fied leaves. Consult Darwin, Insectivorous Plants. SAR'RACE'NIA'CE-ffi. See Sarracema. SARBAU, sa'ro', Jacques Rose Ferdinand EiiiLE (1837—). A French physicist and en- gineer, born in Perpignan and educated in Paris at the Ecole Polytechnique. In 1878 he became director of the central depot for saltpetre and powder, was named chief engineer in 1879. be- came professor of mechanics in the Polytechnic in 1883, was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1886, and in 1897 was promoted to the rank of inspector-general. Sarrau"s especial study was explosives, and with Vieille he invented a reg- istering pi-essure gauge. In physics his main research was on the compressibility of gases (Paris. Coinptes Rendus (1882, et seq. ), and he determined the critical point of oxygen. Among his writings besides contributions to periodicals are Lss effets de la poudre et des substances ex- plosives {187 i-'iQ), Cours de mecanique (IS8S-SQ) , Cours d'artiUerie (1893), and Thiorie des ex- plosifs (1893^95). SARSAPARILLA (Sp. zarzaparilla, zarza- parrilld, sarsaparilla, from zarza, bramble, from Basque sartzia, bramble -(- *parilla, *parrilla, diminutive of pavra. trained vine, or from PariUo. name of a physician said to have been the first to employ it). This medicine, formerly much used, is the produce of several species of Smilax (see Smilace.e), Sarsaparilla officinalis, Sarsa^iarilla medica, and other undetermined va- rieties. They are woody vines with prickly angu- lar stems: the first with large ovate-oblong, acute, heart-shaped, leathery leaves ; the second with shortly acuminate smooth leaves, the lower ones heart-shaped, the upper ones approaching to ovate. The shrubs are natives of warm parts of America. Sarsaparilla officinalis being found in South America and Sarsaparilla medica on the ^lexican Andes. Some botanists regard them as mere varieties of one species.