Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/623

SANTA CRUZ DE LA PALMA. SANTA CRUZ DE LA PALMA,. The capital of Palma, one of the Canary Islands, situated on a bay of the eastern coast of the island (Map:, F 5). It is a thriving commercial town with a good harbor, having shipyards, and ship-building being the chief industry. It exports fruit, wine, cochineal, and tobacco. Population, in 1900, 7383.  SANTA CRUZ DE LA SIERRA,. Capital of the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, situated 170 miles northeast of Sucre (Map:, E 7). It has a cathedral under construction and a national college with faculties of law, medicine, and theology. There are flour and sugar mills, and a considerable trade with the Indians of the plains. Population, 11,000.  SANTA CRUZ DE NAPO,. A town of Marinduque, Philippines, situated at the head of a bay on the northeast coast of the island (Map:, G 6). It has a well-protected harbor with safe anchorage for large steamers, and provided with a stone breakwater 1000 yards long. Population, estimated, in 1899, 15,797.  SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE, (Eng. Teneriffe, ). The capital of the Canary Islands, situated at the head of a bay near the northeastern end of the island of Teneriffe (Map:, F 5). It is defended on the seaward side by several forts and is well built, with straight streets and modern houses. The principal square, the Plaza de la Constitución, contains a large monument with a statue by Canova. The principal buildings are the house of the Captain-General, the civil government building, and the hospitals; the town has a high school, a school of navigation, a preparatory academy, a public library, and a museum of natural history. An aqueduct five miles long supplies water from the mountains. The harbor is protected by a breakwater and has good facilities for coaling. Santa Cruz is the second seaport in the Canary Islands. It exports sugar, cochineal, almonds, wine, cattle, and agricultural products. Its population in 1887 was 18,830; in 1900, 35,055.

Santa Cruz was founded by the Spaniards in 1494. It was attacked by an English fleet under Blake in 1657, and by Nelson in 1797; it was in the latter engagement that Nelson lost his arm. The city became capital of the islands in 1822.  SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS. A group of seven large and a number of small islands in Melanesia, in latitude 11° S., longitude 166° E., north of the New Hebrides and southeast of the Solomon Islands (Map:, J 4). Aggregate area, 356 square miles. The large islands are mountainous and volcanic, the smaller mostly of coral formation. The climate is hot, moist, and unhealthful. The vegetation resembles that of New Guinea, and includes the mangrove, cocoanut, sago-palm, and breadfruit tree. The inhabitants (about 7000) are mostly Melanesians, though in some of the islands Polynesians predominate. They are still uncivilized and hostile to Europeans. The islands are now under the administration of the British High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. They were discovered by Mendaña in 1595.  SANTA FÉ,. A province of Argentina, situated in the eastern portion of the Republic

and bordered by the Paraná River on the east (Map:, E 10). Area, 50,916 square miles. The surface is mostly level, well wooded in the northern part, and especially well adapted for agriculture and stock-raising. The chief rivers are the Paraná and its tributary the Salado. The climate is not unhealthful, and the rainfall is sufficient. The agricultural lands are found chiefly along the Paraná, where large plantations are situated. Wheat, corn, flax, and lucerne are the chief agricultural products. There are a number of large industrial establishments, such as flour and saw mills, tanneries, sugar mills, foundries, and brick yards. The railway mileage of the province is the largest in the Republic. Population, in 1900, 536,236. The chief commercial town is Rosario, on the Paraná, and the capital is (q.v.).  SANTA FÉ. The capital of the Province of Santa Fé, Argentina, situated on an arm of the Paraná River at its continence with the Salado, 95 miles north of Rosario (Map:, E 10). It is a well-built city, with a modern aspect, and has several lines of street railroads. Its chief institutions are a large Jesuit college, a normal school, and a seminary. Railroads connect it with all the important cities of the Republic, and a short road runs to its port, Colastiné. The chief industry is ship-building, and the principal exports are lumber, wood, and cattle. Population, in 1895, 15,099; of the commune, 24,755.  SANTA FE. The capital of New Mexico, and the county-seat of Santa Fe County, on Santa Fe River and on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe and the Denver and Rio Grande railroads (Map:, F 2). The city as originally laid out by the Spaniards has been much changed since the American occupation. The old Spanish buildings which still remain are constructed mostly of adobe. The main business structures centre about the Plaza, upon one side of which is the palace, an edifice where the various Governors of the Territory from the early Spanish times to the present have resided. In the historical museum connected with the palace are early Spanish paintings and interesting remains of the Indian and Spanish periods. Other places of interest are the partially reconstructed Cathedral of San Francisco, the Church of San Miguel, and old Fort Marcy. Santa Fe also has the Capitol, a penitentiary, a Federal building, a hospital, and the Territorial Orphan Asylum. The educational institutions comprise Saint Michael's College, schools for the deaf and dumb, the Loretto Convent, and the Government and Saint Catherine's Indian schools. The most important industries are stock-raising and mining. There are also deposits of kaolin and clay in the vicinity. The government is vested in a mayor, chosen annually, and a unicameral council. Population, in 1890, 6185; in 1900, 5603.

A party of Spaniards visited the site of Santa Fe in 1542 and found there a large Indian pueblo with a population estimated at 15,000. About 1605, the pueblo being then deserted, the Spanish made a settlement here under the name ‘La Ciudad Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco,’ enslaved the Indians in the neighborhood, and opened up extensive gold and silver mines. In 1690 the Indians captured the place and expelled the Spaniards, who, however, regained possession<section end="Santa Fe" />