Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/596

* SAN FBANCISCO MOUNTAIN. 532 SAN GIOVANNI IN FIOKE. SAN FKANCISCO MOUNTAIN. The liisli- est iKnk ill Arizuiia. siluuU'il near Klagstall' in the north central part oi the Territory (JSlap: Ariztmtt, C 2). It rises abruptly oOOO feel above the Colorado plateau to an altitude of 12,794 feet. Its core is of volcanic formation and it is capiHHl by a mass of lava in «liieh there is an extinJt crater. The body of the mountain, however, is formed by circumdenudation, the Triassie sandstone composing tlic sides l)eiii^' pro- tected by the hard lavacap while the .surround- ing portions were worn away. The sandstone escarpment is now almost completely hidden by a talus of volcanic detritus. The mountain is a conspicuous landniarU; the surrounding region has displayed fresh volcanic activity since the denudation of the i)lateau, and from the summit more than a hundred craters may be seen. SANGALLO, siin-gUl'lo. A celebrated family of Italian architects of the Renaissance. — Giu- UANO (M4r)-l.'jl(i), the first to be distinguished and most important member of the family, was born in Florence, the oldest son of Francesco Giamberti, a woodworker. While very young he studied with Francione. a worker in tarsia (q.v.), but he acquired his architectural training among the ancient monuments of Rome. Returning to Florence to enter the army in the war with Naples in 1478. he gained great favor with Lorenzo de' Medici for his skill as a military engineer. For him he built the villa at Poggio a Cajano. where Lorenzo and his circle of humanists held their famous sessions, the beautiful Church of iladon- na delle Carceri at Prato, and the Augustine convent at Florence, near the San Gallo gate, from which he derived the name later as- sumed by the family. He designed the Gondi Palace and the celebrated Strozzi Palace, for W'hieli Benedetto da Majano has received the credit, and built for Giuliano delle Rovere the fortress at Ostia. After the death of Lorenzo de' Medici, he designed the ceiling of Santa Maria Maggiore and the cloister of San Pietro in Vin- coli, and in L503 he designed the first plans for Saint Peter's. Replaced by Bramante, he re- turned to Florence in 1509, taking part in the capture of Pisa. LTpon the accession of Pope Leo X., formerly Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici. he was associate architect with Raphael at Saint Peter's, serving in this capacity for about two years. He died at Florence, October 20, 1.51fi. In the Uffizi Gallery at Florence, the Barberini Library at Rome, and at Siena, are many of his drawings which are of extraordinary merit. His work as an architect, although he was one of the most important architects of the Early Renais- sance, was somewhat overshadowed by his prow- ess as a military engineer. Aktonio Da Sangallo, the elder (1455-1534), a younger brother of Giuliano, had a very simi- lar career, excelling both as an architect and military engineer. He was employed by Pope Alexander VL in fortification work at the Castle of Sant' Angelo, at Civita Castellana, and at Nepi. He reconstructed the church at Arezzo and built the fine portico of the Annunziata, Florence, for Pojie Leo X. His best work as an architect is the Church of the Madonna di San Biagio at Monte Pulciano. where he also built the Cervini. Tarugi, and Bellarmini palaces. He took part in the defense of Florence when it was besieged in 1530, and died December 27, 1534. Many of his drawings and plans are preserved at the L'llizi Gallery. Antonio Cordiani da Sangallo, called the younger (1485-1540). was a son of Giuliano. He went to Rome at eighteen years of age, stud- ied with Bramante, and did important work for forty-one years under the popes Leo X., Clement VIL, and Paul IIL He was employed on the Castle of Sant' Angelo and at Saint Peter's, nearly finished the Farnese Palace at Rome, and completed the Santa Maria di Loreto. at I^oreto. With his brother Battista, he was en- gaged upon the villa iladama in Rome, usually attributed to Raphael. In 1518 he was appointed to succeed Raphael as architect of Saint Peter's and of the Vatican Palace. His model for the church is still in existence. (See Saint Peter '.s Church.) His work as a military engineer was very extensive, comprising more than a dozen fortifications. He died at Terni, October 3, 1.54(j. SANGERHAUSEN, ziing'er-hou'zen. A town in the Province of Saxonj', Prussia, 30 miles by rail west of Halle (Map: Germany, D 3). Saint Ulrich is a splendid basilica, founded in the twelfth century, and recently rebuilt. There are two castles and two hospitals, dating from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The manu- factures include footwear, machinery, and other iron and steel products. Population, in 1900, 12,077, chieflv' Protestants. Sangerhausen is mentioned in 1)91. SAN GERMAN, siin Her-miin'. A town of the Dejiartment of Jlayaguez, Porto Rico, 10 miles south of the town of Mayaguez, on the coast, at the mouth of the river Guanajibo (Map: Porto Rico, A 2). Sugar, cofl'ee, cacao, tobacco, and fruits are the principal exports. Population, in 1899, 3954. SAN GIL, Hel, or SAN JIL. A town of the Depavlmcnt of Santander, Colombia, 150 miles northeast of the city of Bogota, on the right bank of the Gil River (Map: Colombia, C 2). The manufactures are sulphate of quinine, straw hats, and cotton counterpanes; the agricultural products, cotton, sugar-cane, and tobacco. Popu- lation, in 1880, 10,038. SAN GIMIGNANO, je'me-nya'nfl. A city in Italy, 7' J miles by carriage road west of Poggi- bonsi, which is 43 miles south of Florence (Maj): Italy, E 4), The walls, the towers, and the Gotliic architecture present a faithful picture of the age of Dante. The Palazzo Pubblico. built 1288-1323, contains many ancient frescoes and paintings. There is an interesting public library. The Church of Sant' Agostino, built 1403-05, con- tains frescoes by Benozzo Gozzoli, the pupil of Fra Angelico. Population of commune, in 1901, 0848. SAN GIOVANNI A TEDUCCIO, siin jo viin'ne a ta-doo'cho. A suburb of Naples, Italy, situated in the direction of Portici ("Map: Italv, D 11). Population of commune, in 1901, 20,797- SAN GIOVANNI IN FIORE, In fe-o'ra, A city in the Province of Cosenza, Italy, 12 hours by stage cast of the city of Cosenza (Map: Italy, L 8). It is the principal place in the lofty (0325 feet) Sila IMountains. The district produces grain, fruit, wine, and fine cattle. Population of commune, in 1901, 12,114.