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* SAINT-QUENTIN. 470 SAINT-SIMON. SAINT-QUENTIN, kiiN'taN'. The capital of an anoiulissoiiuiil in the Department of Aisne, fiance, 95 uiilcs north hy east of Paris, on the ISonime Kiver (Jlap: France, K 2). One of the chief attractions of the town is the Church of Saint (Juentin, which dates from the twelfth cen- tury. It is a Gothic structure, and is especially noted for its highly adorned interior. The Hotel de Ville. a fourteenth-century edifice, with its curiously constructed council hall, is also note- worthy. Saint-Quentin is of considerable indus- trial importance and the surrounding region, too. has large manufacturing interests. The leading products are cotton and woolen textiles, sugar, engines, billiard balls, machinery, etc. Topulation. in inoi, 50,278. The Roman name for Saint-Quentin was Augusta Veromanduorura. It sufl'ered greatly from the attacks of the North- men during its early history. Here on August 10, 1557, the Spaniards under Emmanuel Phili- bert of Savoy won a great victory over the French xmder the Constalile de Montmorency, and here. on January li), 1871, the Prussians administered a crushing defeat to the French under Faidherbe. SAINT BE'GIS. A settlement of Catholic Iro<iuois on the south bank of the Saint Law- rence River, on both sides of the boundary line between Canada and the United States, being partly in Huntingdon County, Quebec, and partly in Franklin County, New York. The Iroquois name is Akwesasne. The village was estab- lished about the year 1755 by a party of Catholic Iroquois from Caughnawaga, Quebec. Being chiefly of Mohawk descent, the Indians all speak that language. They are expert basket' makers, and neglect farming for that industry, which proves quite remunerative. They number in all about 2500, of whom 1320 are on the Canadian side. SAINT RO'NAN'S WELL. A novel by Scott (1824), a picture of lite at a small watering- place, with Clara ilowbray's tragic story as a background. Its best feature is the character of Meg Dods, the innkeeper. SAINT-SAENS, siix'saN', Chakles Camille ( 1835— ) . A French composer, born in Paris. At the age of seven he became a pupil of Sta- maty (piano) ; in 1847 he joined Benoist's class at the Conservatory, and in 1849 won the second and in 1851 the first organ prize. He competed unsuccessfully for the Prix de Rome, but secured the appointment of organist of the Church of Saint Mfry (1853), resigning it in 1858 to be- come organist of the Madeleine. After 1870 he devoted himself entirely to composition, concert, and recital work. His first important composi- tions were the symphonic poems, Phaeton, Le rouet d'Omphale, La jcunesse d'Herciile, and La danse macabre, which last was especially popu- lar. His operas have been the least successful of all his works, although they bear strong evi- dence of his originality and genius. With Massenet he has shared the reputation of being the most classical French composer of his gen° eration. His instrumentation, which shows the influence of Berlioz, is strikingly brilliant and original. In 1881 he became a 'member of the Institute. In 1894 he was made a commander of the Legion of Honor. His works inchide (be- sides those already mentioned) the operas. La princesse jaune (1872); Le timbre d'argent (1877) ; Samson ct Dalila (1877) ; Etienne Mar- cel (1879); Henry Vlll. (1883); Proserpine (1887); Ascanio (1890); Pliri/nc (1893); Fr4- diyonde (first three acts by Guiraud, last two by Saint-Saens, 1895) ; ballets and incidental music; three symphonies, the one in C minor de- clared by Lavignac to be the finest example of orchestration ever written ; several oratorios, concertos for piano and other instruments, cham- ber music, songs, and church music. SAINTS'BURY, George Edward Bateman (1845 — ). An English critic and literary histori- an, born at Southampton. Octolier 23, 1845: edu- cated at King's College School, London, and at Merton College, O.xford. He was classical mas- ter in Elizabeth College. Guernsey ( 1808-74), and head master of Elgin Educational Institute ( 1874- 76). He settled in London as a journalist and miscellaneous writer (1876-95), and was ap- pointed professor of English literature in the University of Edinburgh (1895). Saintsbury shows a wide knowledge of literature, foreign as well as English, and his judgments, based on sound principles, are expressed in a very read- aide style. Among his numerous publi- cations are a Primer of French Literature (1880); Dryden, in "English Men of Letters" (1881); Short History of French Literature (1882) ; Marlborough (1885) ; Elizabethan Liter- ature (1887); Essays in English Literature, 17S0-1S60 (first series, 1890; second series, 1895); Essays on French Novelists (1891); yineteenth Century Literature (1896); The Flourishing of Romance and the Jfise of Allegory (1897); Sir Walter Seott (1897); A Short History of English Literature (1898); Mattheie Arnold (1899): the exhaustive His- tory of Criticism and Literary Taste in Europe (1900 et seq.) ; and The Earlier Renaissance (1901). SAINT-SESVAN, ser'vaw'. A seaport in the Department of lUe-et-Vilaine, Northern France, less than a mile from Saint Malo ( Map : France, E 3). It is mostly a modern town with a hand- some town hall and a triangular tower of the seventeenth century. Population, in 1901, 12,597. SAINTS' EVERLASTING REST, The. A religious work by Richard Baxter (1050), used by many generations as a devotional book. Its clear and beautiful style, little antiquated by the lapse of two hundred years, and the manly vigor of its piety have made it an English classic. SAINT-SIMON, sfiN'se'moN', Claude Henri, Count de (1700-1825). A French socialist. He entered the army at sixteen, and came to Ameri- ca, where he served with distinction in the campaign against C'ornwallis. On his return to France he was made colonel, but in 1785 he resigned from the military service and traveled extensively in Holland and Spain. He had already conceived his mission in life to be "to study the progress of the human mind in order to work thenceforth for the perfecting of civilization." He took little part in the great Revolution of 1789, but, though a noble himself, voted to abolish titles of nobility. He made a considerable fortune dur- ing this period by purchasing the confiscated estates of the emigres. About this time he con- tracted a marriage which proved imhappy and was afterwards dissolved. His fortune was soon exhausted by his extravagant mode of living,