Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/508

SAINTONGE. SAINTONGE,. A former province of Western France, now included within the Department of (q.v.). Its capital was Saintes. See Map of France showing former provinces, under.  SAINT-OUEN,. A suburb of Paris on the right bank of the Seine, one mile north of the city walls (Map: Paris and Vicinity). It has a famous race course in the former park of the Château of Saint-Ouen, where Louis XVIII., in May, 1814, signed the famous declaration promising a charter to France. Saint-Ouen has educational institutions, and is important for its manufactures of firearms, glass, sugar, perfumery, india-rubber, tinned foods, and varnish. There are extensive docks along the Seine. Population, in 1901, 35,436.  SAINT PAN′CRAS. A northern borough of (q.v.), England, west of Regent's Park. It is a fashionable district; within its limits is Saint Pancras Station, the important terminus of the Midland Railway. The parish church in Euston Square, built in 1819, is a reproduction of the Erechtheum at Athens. Population of borough, in 1891, 234,379; in 1901, 234,912.  SAINT PAT′RICK,. An Irish order of merit founded by George III. in 1783 and consisting of the sovereign, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who is grand master, and 22 knights companions of noble rank, in addition to a number of princes of the blood. The badge is a white oval shield showing the cross of Saint Patrick with a shamrock and three golden crowns. The motto is Quis Separabit. The ribbon is blue.  SAINT-PAUL,. A seaport on the northwestern coast of the French island of (q.v.), situated about 10 miles southwest of Saint-Denis. It is a good place of anchorage and contains a foundry, barracks, a college for priests, etc. Population, about 20,000.  SAINT PAUL. The capital of Minnesota and the county-seat of Ramsey County, situated on the Mississippi, just below Fort Snelling, at the mouth of the Minnesota River (Map:, F 6). It is about nine miles below the Falls of Saint Anthony, reckoning from the City Hall, and about seven miles from the celebrated Minnehaha Falls. It is at the foot of the rapids and practically at the head of navigation, about 2300 miles from the mouth of the Mississippi. This point was naturally a trade centre in pioneer days. It tapped the great fur-bearing region through the Minnesota River, thus becoming an important station of the Hudson's Bay Company, and it was a natural depot for supplies brought up by river boats, and for produce taken back. This river traffic gave Saint Paul its first impetus as a centre of trade and transportation, just as the water-power of the falls a little farther up stream made Minneapolis preëminently a manufacturing point.

Saint Paul is picturesquely situated. Rising from both shores of the Mississippi 676 feet above sea level at low water, it extends over a series of terraces to the hills, from 100 to 200 feet higher. The first level on the left bank of the river is occupied by the Union Station, railroad yards and terminals, wholesale houses, and factories: on the second level are the retail stores, public buildings, and hotels; and crowning

the upper terrace are the principal residential streets. Similarly on the right bank the first level is taken up by railroad yards and manufacturing plants; higher up are some retail business blocks, and then comes the residential section. The two banks are now connected by three fine wagon bridges and two railway bridges. Three more bridges span the Mississippi at Saint Paul, one at Fort Snelling, and two farther up connecting with Minneapolis. There is a splendid system of street railways operated by electricity generated mostly at the falls in Minneapolis. The lines in the two cities are operated practically as one system. Two double-track interurban routes join the network in the two cities, and a single line runs to Wildwood and Stillwater.

The city embraces an area of about 56 square miles. Of this area 1,204.42 acres, in 48 separate tracts, are devoted to park purposes. The largest and most beautiful is Como Park, between the Twin Cities, with an area of 415 acres, 142 of which are occupied by the pretty Lake Como. Como Park has a close rival in the Indian Mounds Park on the banks of the Mississippi below the city. Here on a bluff 200 feet high are several conical mounds, the summits of which command a view of the river as it sweeps by in a majestic curve. The park systems of the Twin Cities are connected by drives extending along the magnificent wooded gorge and the series of rapids below the Falls of Saint Anthony.

Saint Paul has numerous striking buildings. The finest is the new State Capitol, of white Georgia marble, standing on a lofty eminence. It has a magnificent dome and entrances. The new Post-Office, opposite Rice Park, and the massive City Hall and Court House, occupying an entire square on Wabasha and Fourth streets, are other edifices of merit. This city was among the first to construct tall, massive office buildings, good examples of which are the Pioneer Press, Germania Life Insurance, New York Life Insurance, Gilfillan Block, the Manhattan, and Endicott buildings. Among other fine structures may be mentioned the Ryan Hotel, Newspaper Row, Capital Bank, and Crescent Creamery Company's building.

There are three free libraries: the City Library, of 54,550 volumes; the State Law Library, of 30,000 volumes; and the State Historical Library, with 70,000 volumes and a complete file of newspapers for Minnesota. The Agricultural College of the State University, with its model farm of 243 acres, and the Minnesota State Fair, are at Saint Anthony Park. There are, besides these public educational institutions, many private schools and colleges, among which are Hamline University (Methodist), Macalester College (Presbyterian), College of Saint Thomas and Saint Paul Seminary (Catholic), Concordia College (German Lutheran), Saint Paul's College (German Methodist), and two Lutheran seminaries.

. Saint Paul is a great railroad centre. Twenty trunk lines operated in ten systems furnish transportation for the vast traffic going through the city. The steamboat business has shrunk to very small proportions, even the rafting of logs and lumber having fallen off greatly with the denudation of the northern pine forests. The Great Northern, Northern Pacific, and Chicago, Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha roads have large repair