Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/507

* SAINT MICHAEL. 461 SAINTON-DOLBY. was foiiiKlod ill 1S33. roimlatiuii, in ISOO, 101 ; ill ItlUO, S.")7. SAINT MICHAEL, Okukk of. ( 1 ) A Freneli order, toiindc'd ill 14li'.) liy Louis XI., with 36 knights, al'turwiirds greatly extended. Louis XIV. reslrieled the membership to noble families. The order ceased about 1830. Its motto was " Im- mensi Terror Oceaui." The decoration was an eight-pointed cross with lleurs-de-lys, the medal- lion bearing a representation of the Arcliangel ilichael and the Dragon. (2) A Bavarian order founded in 1U03 by Elector Joseph Clement of Cologne, Duke of Bavaria. It was instituted to upliold the Catholic faith, but in 1837 became an order of merit. The decoration is an eight- jiointed cross of blue enamel, bearing the image of Saint Michael, with a shield inscribed Quis ut Dcus. The four arms of the cross bear the letters P. F. F. P. (Priucipi fidelis Favere Fatriain). SAINT MICHAEL AND SAINT GEORGE, Uroeu of. a British military ami civil order of merit with three classes, foiuided by George III. in 1818. It was intended to commemorate the acquisition of ilalta and was designed originally for British residents of the Mediterranean re- gions. The cross of the order, of white enamel, shows the Archangel Michael with the device Auspiciuin nirlioris cBvi; on the reverse is an image of Saint George. See Plate of Orders. SAINT MICHAEL'S, mi'kclz (Sao Miguel). The largest and most important of the Azores (q.v. ), and, with the exception of Saint JIary's (Santa Maria), the most 'eastern island in the group (Map: Spain, B 5). Area, 299 square miles. The island is mountainous, and rises in its highest summit to 3500 feet. There is an extensive export trade in wine, oranges, tea, and pottery. Population, in 1900, 125,183. Chief city, Ponta Delgada ( ((.v. ). SAINT MICHAEL'S MOUNT. A conical and isolated granite rock in ilount's Bay, Corn- wall, England, 18 miles west of Falmouth. It communicates with the shore by a causeway 400 yards long, which is uncovered at low tide. The mount is 230 feet high, is about one mile in circumference, and is crowned b.y an old and picturesque abbatial castle, restored, and now used as a manorial residence. At the base of the mount is a small fishing village. Saint Michael was the British Dinsol and the Roman Ictis, and at an early period became the seat of a religious house. At the Conquest the Mon- astery of Saint Jlichael was annexed to the Ab- bey of Mont-Saint-Michel (q.v.) in Normandy, its more distinguished prototype. It long re- mained in the possession of the monks, but since 1600 has belonged to the Saint Aubyn family. SAINT MORITZ. A watering place in the Upper Engadine. in the Grisons, Switzerland, 11 miles northeast of ilaloja. It is frequented both as a summer and winter resort. Altitude. 6.033 feet; population, in 1900, 1578. It is just north ■ of the Lake of Saint Moritz, and is the highest village in the Engadine. The views are beauti- ful. The Baths of Saint Moritz. situated about a mile to the south, with an elevation of about 5,823 feet, are among the best known in Switzer- land. The waters contain alkaline salts and carbonic acid. There is a fine Kurlinus. The fame of Saint Moritz dates from 1589, when Par- acelsus called notice to the e.veellcnce of its waters. SAINT-NAZAIRE, saN'mVzAr'. A seaport and tile capital of an arroiidis.semeiit in the De- partment of Loire-lnfC'ricurc, France, 40 miles west of Nantes, at the mouth of the Loire Kiver (Map: France, D 4). It has steamship con- nection with Newhaven and South American ports. The harbor is spacious and has under- gone extensive improvements. Saint-Nazaire is primarily a commercial city. The value of its trade in 1900 aggregated $0,01)0.000, inchidin}; exports to the amount of .$3,488,000, Farm and garden produce, fruit, wine, and silk and woolen goods constitute the leading sliipnients. The industrial interests are represented by iron foundries, shipbuilding yards, and Hour and lum- ber mills. Population, "in 1901, 35,813. SAINT NICOLAS, ne'ko'la'. A town in the Province of East Flanders, Belgium, 13 miles west-southwest of Antwerp (Map: Belgium, C 3). It stands in the midst of the Pays de Wacs, a densely peopled and productive agricultural district. A market is held in the great square of the town, one of the largest in Belgium. The manufactures include woolen and cotton goods, pins, lace, hosiery, etc. Population, in 1900, 30,484. SAINT O'LAF, Order of. A Norwegian order of merit, founded in 1847 by Oscar 1. of Sweden. The decoration is a white cross bearing the Norwegian arms on a red ground, with the device Ret og Sandhcd (Right and Truth) on the reverse. SAINT-OMER, sriN't6'mar'. The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Pas-de- Calais, France, 25 miles southeast of Calais, on the Aa River and the Neuf- Fosse Canal (Alap: France, J 1 ). Its most interesting feature is the Church of Notre Dame, a thirteenth-century Gothic edifice. It has four portals, one of which is embellished with a Last Judgnaent. Other places of interest in the town include the ruins of the old Benedictine abbey, the Coste Military Hospital, occupying the site of an early Jesuit college, the Coll6ge Saint Berlin, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and the museum. The com- mercial advantages have been greatly increased by the Imiraulic lift in the >«'cuf- Fosse Canal. Considerable trade is carried on in manufactured articles, comprising pipes, paper, flour, liquors, hosiery, and textiles, and in farm and garden produce. Saint-Omer owes its origin to the churches and monasteries founded here in the seventh century by Onier, Bishop of Therouanne. and other ecclesiasts. Population, in 1901, 20,- 687. SAINTON-DOLBY, san'ton dol'bf. Char- lotte Helen (1821-85). An English vocalist and composer, born in Lonilon. She studied at the Royal Academy of Music under Crivelli, and , f rom licr debut in 1841 to her retirement in IS70 was considered the leading oratorio and ballad singer in England, possessing a contralto voice of marvelous strength and beauty. She married the celebrated violinist Prosper Sainton in 18tiO. Among the man.v cantatas composed by her. perhaps the most popular was Thr .SVori/ of a Faithful tioul, which was produced in Lon- don, 1879.