Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/488

* SAINT-HILAIRE. 446 SAINT-JACOB. One of the most eminent of French botanists, born at Orleans, Frame. He was a member of a wealtliy French family, and was trained by his father for a business career. In 1810 he sailed for Brazil, where he spent six years in exploration and botanical research, and in ISl'.t ho was elected a correspondent of the Institute. In 1822 he returned to France with one of the most val- uable collections of natural history specimens that up to that time had ever been gathered. It consisted of 24,000 specimens of plants of liOOO diji'erent species, the };reater part of which were new: 2000 birds: Ki.OOO insects. 13.5 quadrupeds. and numerous other specimens of reptiles, fishes, and minerals. For several years he devoted him- self to the preparation of an elaborate work on the llora of Brazil, which after long delays, caused by his ill-health, was published in 3 volumes in 1825. under the title Flora Brasiliw Meridian- alls, oil histoire et description de toutes les plantes qui croissetit dans les differentes pro- fiiices du Brisil. ileanwhile he had become pro- fessor of botany in the Faculty of Sciences at Paris, and in 1830, on the death of Lamarck, suc- ceeded him as a member of the Institute. His botanical investigations resulted in several dis- coveries of great value, including two entirelv new families, the Paronychia' and the Taniaris- cineie; the difi'erence between the aril and the arilode. and the direction of the radicule in the embryonic sac. In addition to his work on the flora of Brazil he published AperQXi d'lin voy- uye dans I'interieiir du Bresil (1823) ; Memoire sur le sysfeme d'agriculture adopte par les Bre- siliens{2 vols. 1827) ; Voyage dans le district des diainants et sur le littoral du Bresil (2 vols. 1833) ; Voyage aux sources du San Francisco et dans la province de Goyaz (2 vols. 1847) ; and Le(ons dc hotanique comprenant principalement hi morphologic veg4tale (1840-41). SAINT-HILAIRE, Geoffkoy. See Geoffroy Sai.nt-IIil.mre. SAINT-HILAIRE, Jules Bakth^lemy. See Barthklemy Sai.xt-Hilaire. SAINT HU'BERT, Order of. The highest Bavarian onler. founded in 1444 by Gerhardt V., and originally called the Order of the Horn, from the hunting horns which formed the links of the chain. The order has but one class, com- posed of an unrestricted number of members of princely rank, with not more than twelve members of lower grade. The decoration is a white cross with eight points tipped with golden balls. Three golden rays separate the arms of the cross, which is surmounted by a crown. The medallion represents the conversion of Saint Hubert, with the Gothic inscription In trav vast (Firm in faith) on a red band. SAINT HY'ACINTHE, Fr. pron. saNt e'a'- sflN't'. The capital of Saint Hyacinthe County, Quebec. Canada, on the Yamaska River and the Grand Trunk, the Canadian Pacific, the Drum- mond County, and the United Counties railroads: 35 miles east-northeast of Montreal (Map: Que- bec. C 5). It contains a eit.y hall. Saint Hya- cinthe College, and monasteries of the Precious Blood and Dominican Fathers. There are manu- factures of leather, organs, tools, boots and shoes, woolen and flannel goods, hosiery, ma- chinery, and farming implements. Population, in 1891, 7010: in 1901, 9210. SAINT IGNA'TIUS COLLEGE. A Roman Catholic institution in Cliicago. 111., founded in 1870, and conducted by the Fathers of the Societ,v of .Jesus. There are two courses: a classical, with collegiate and academic depart- ments, and a commercial. The college confers the degrees of Bachelor of Arts. Science, and Philosojihy. Master of Arts, and Doctor of Phi- losophy. In 11102 the students numbered 500, and the faculty 30. The college has no endow- ment. Its property was valued at $300,000. and the income was $13,000. The librar,v contained 30,000 volumes. SAINT IGNATIUS'S BEANS. The seeds of iStrychnos [gntitii, a shrub or small tree of the natural order Loganiaeese, a native of Cochin- China and the Philippine Islands. The fruit, which is about the size of a large jjcar, contains about 20 brownish seeds about as large as olives, rounded on one side, and somewhat angular on the other, which have been used like nux-vomica seeds. SAINTIN, sa^''taN^ Jule.s Emile (1829-94). A French genre and portrait painter, born at Leme (Aisne). He studied under Drolling. Picot, and Leboucher. Afterwards he spent sev- eral years (1857-63) in the United States, and some of his works are inspired b.v American sub- jects. Most of his pictures are mediocre, and his treatment is likel.v to be conventional. His paintings include portraits of Paul Morphy (1800), Stephen Douglas (1860). in the Cor- coran Gallery. Washington, D. C, and Mme. Carnot (1891). He was elected an associate of the National Academ.v of Design in 1801. and to the Legion of Honor. SAINTINE, siiN'ten'. Xaier. The name as- sumed by Joseph Francois Boniface (1798- 1865). A mediocre French novelist, collaborator in some 200 plays, and author of Picciola (1837), which won him the Jlonthyon prize from the Acailemy. SAINT ISABELLA, iz'a-bel'la, Oedeb of. A Portuguese Order founded in 1801 b.v the Prince Regent (King .John IV.). It consists of 26 ladies, nominated b.v the Queen. Its chief object is the supervision of the care of the sick and orphans. The decoration is a golden medallion surmounted by a crown and surroimded by golden roses and ribbons. It bears the image of Saint Isabella of Portugal and the device Pauperum fiolatio. SAINT IVES. A seaport and market-town in Cornwall. England, on Saint Ives Bay, on the Bristol Channel, 57 miles west-southwest of Plymouth ( Map : England, A 6 ). It is a favorite bathing and winter resort, owing to its mild climate, and is a picturesque town: its church, a granite building of the earlv part of the fif- teenth century, stands on the beach. The town was incorporated in 1039. and owns gas and water works. It is the headquarters of the pil- chard fisher.v. In the vicinity are important tin mines. Population, in 1891, 6094; in 1901. 0700. Consult Matthews, fiaint [res. (Saint Ives. 1S84). SAINT-JACOB, saN'zha'ko'. A hamlet in Switzerland, situated a mile south of Basel, and noted as the scene of a great battle in 1444 be- tween the Swiss and the Armagnacs (q.v. ) (Map: Switzerland. B 1). As a memorial of this con- flict, a monument was erected here in 1872, and