Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/445

* SACHALINE. en a foot in length, and small greenish floweis, which appear late in aiitunin. The plant is a native of Eastern Siberia, from wlieiu'e it was broufjht to Europe ami grown in many botanic ganlens. It came prominently into notice about 18113. wlien the drought in Western Europe caused a decided shortage in forage for cattle. This plant was little affected, and since its tender shoots and leaves were eaten by stock, the plant was widely grown experimentally as a forage crop. It has proved less useful tlian was pre- dicted, and its cultivation in the United States has been almost entirely abandoned. False sacli- aline (Polygonum cuspidatuin) has smaller and more pointed leaves. SACHATJ, zii'GOU, Eduard (1845 — ). A Ger- man Orientalist, born in Neumiinster, and edu- cated at Kiel and Leipzig. In 1860 he became professor of Semitic languages in Vienna, and in ISTli went to the University of Berlin, where, in 1887, he took charge of the new Oriental Seminar. Sachau traveled much in the East, and published, among nianj' other volumes, an English translation of Alberuni's Chro- nolocjij of Ancient Nations (1879; Arabic text, lS7(i-78) and of the same writer's India (1888: Arabic text, 1887); lieise in Syrien tind J/cso- potamien (1883); Anibisclie ^'o}kslicflcl■ cms Mi'soi)ot(imien (1889); Ueher die Poesie in der Volkssprache der'Xestorianer (1896) ; Mohamme- danisches Recht (1897) ; Am Enphrat und Tigris (1900) ; and several valuable catalogues of Per- sian. Syriac, and Araliic manuscripts. SACHEK-MASOCH, sil'Ger mii'zoG, Leopold VON (1835-95). An Austrian novelist. He stud- ied at Gratz and Prague, taught history at Gratz, and published (1857) Der Auf stand in Gent un- ter Karl V. His first novel. Eine galizische Ge- scliichte, appeared in 1866. His fiction, devoted in part to Galieian life, is unsavory, sensational, but of rich imagination. Best known of his many novels is Das Vermiichtnis Kains (1870). SACHEVERELL, sa-shev'er-el, Henry (c. 1674-1724). An English liigh churchman. He Avas born at JIarlborough and was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1705 he became preaclier of Saint Saviour's, Soutlnvark. His I)rominence is due to two sermons preached in 1709. one at Derby, the other at Saint Paul's, in which he attacked the principles of the Act of Settlement, asserted the doctrine of non-resist- ance, and decried the Act of Toleration. The House of Commons impeached him for these ut- terances, and the Lords found him guilty. But popular opinion rose so strong in the preacher's favor that the authorities dared go no further than to suspend him from preaching for three years and to order the obnoxious sermons to be publicly burned. Sacheverell became, for the time, the most popular man in the kingdom. At the general election, which came on almost im- mediately, his prosecution was the decisive issue, and brought aljout the defeat of the Whigs, who had been the political party in power. When, in 1713. his suspension expired, he was appointed by the new Tory House of Commons to preach before them the sermon on the anniversary of the Restoration, and was specially thanked on the occasion. Consult: Howell. State Tnals, vol. x-vi. (London, 1809-26) ; Stanhope, History of Queen Anne's Reign (ib., 1872). 405 SACHS SACHEVERELL, William (1638-01). An English pulilician. He (irst appeared in Parlia- ment in 1670, and at once jiiined Ihi' upposition, where he came into |]roniineiice aliuii-.t iiniuedi- ately. In 1673 he began the luiivement whicll brought about the downfall of the Cabal ((|.v.) and the ])a.ssage of the Test Act (q.v.). His hostility to the Court jKiliey, however, continuerl unabateil. Especially did lie a<lvoeat4.' a return to the Triple Allianie of l(i68 iH'lween England, Spain, anil ilolhind. Saiheverell was the lirst man who o])enly •suggested the exclusion of the Duke of York from the succession, lie niaile the proposal in 1678 and continueil to ailviKNile it even against the wishes of the party leaders. A year later he succeeded in getting a bill to this ell'ect before the House, but Parliament wa.s pro- rogued and dissolved before it could be read a third time. In the new Parliament he was one of the managers of Lord Stalford's trial. On the accession of .lames 11. he was foree<l into retire- ment, but with the Kevolution he again came into prominence, serving on the conunittoe which diew u]i the Declaration of Right. He also was among tle most active of those who tried to dis- franchise the Tories implicated in the obnoxious measures of James. SACHS, saks, Berxarb (1858—). An Ameri- can neurologist, born in Baltimore, Md., and edu- cated at Harvard and in the I'niversity of Strass- burg. After researcli in Vienna and Berlin, he began to practice medicine in New York City in 1883 as a specialist in nervous diseases. Dr. Sachs first described the disease known as anniurotie family idiocy. He c<mtributed to Keating's Dis- eases' of Children (1890). to Hare's Thernpru- tics (1892). and to Hamilton's .)tedical Juris- prudence (1894), as well as to (Jerman. British, and American neurological journals; and wrote Nervous Diseases of Children (1895; German version, 1897). SACHS, ziiks. Hans (1494-1576). A German poet and dramatist, the best and also the most prolific of the Meistersingers (q.v.). He was born in Nuremberg, the son of a shoemaker, to whose trade he was trained, having first enjoyed a classi- cal education at the town Latin school. After his apprenticeship he entered on the usual years of journeyman wanilering in 1511 and passed five years practicing shoemakiiig in many places of South and North Germany, among them Passau, JIunich, Salzburg. Kegensburg. Leipzig. Os- nabriiek. and Liibcck. Returning to Nuremberg in 1510. he married in 1519 and again in 1561; he was diligent alike at his trade and his liter- ary avocation, gained high esteem among his townsmen both as burgher and poet, took earnest but eircnic interest in tli<> Kefornialion movement, and died in 157(!. Though early trained in the rules of the Mristcrgcsang, he soon emancipated himself from their excessive pedantry. His ver- sification was always mechanical and his purix)se prevailingly didactic, but his humor was exulter- ant, his imagination fertile, and his fancy tire- less. He wrote hymns, some of which di<l great sen'ice to the Reformation in its first decades, fables, allegories, merry tales (Srhuvnkc). dia- logues, comedies, and Shrovetide plays [Fast- wtchtspiile) : in all some 6300 pieces. In an often-quoted and characteristic passage in a pre- face of 1560. he describes his poetry as "an open public pleasure garden by the wayside for the