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* SAAB. 398 SAB^ANS. brilckcn, nnd bv means of a system of locks 20 miles further to .Saargemiind. The Saar Canal connects its middle course with the Rhine- Alarne Canal. SAAR, I-'ERUIXAND VON (1833—). An Aus- trian poet and novelist, born in icnna. He entered the army in 1840, and, retiring after the Italian i-anipaigii of 18.5!t, devoted himself entire- ly to literature. In liW2 he was made a nieni- I)er of the House of Peers. As a lyric poet of decided indiviiUuility he made his mark with Octlichic (1882). Eqlially striking are his Wiener Eleqicn (1803). His stories, IsovelUm aus Ocs- ierieich (2d ed. 1894), Schicksale (1889), 7'V(i!i- cnbildcr (1892), Hcrhstreigen (1897), and Cam- era Obscura (1901), depict Vienna society with rare power of analysis. His dramatic works are less valuable. SAARBRTTCKEN, zilr'brvik-cn. A town in the lihinr I'niviiice. Prussia, on the 8aar, 50 miles cast by iiortli of iletz (Map: Prussia, B 4). It is connected with the opposite town of Sankt .Johann by two bridges, has an old castle, a town hall with frescoes by Werner, a tine new- statue of Bismarck, and a gymnasium. The town is the centre of a coal-mining district, which produces annually over 7.000.000 tons of coal. Its manufactures include woolen and linen fabrics, liardware. Berlin blue, tin and zinc Avares, glass, leather, and tapestry. Saarbriick- en, originally a possession of the counts of Ar- dennes, fell to Nassau in 1381. It was garri- .soned b_y France from 1801 to 1815, when it came to Prussia. Saarbriicken was the scene of the opening engagement in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. A Frencli army corps, under Na- poleon in., captured the town on August 2, 1870, but was forced to retreat on August 6th. Popu- lation, in 1890, 13,812: in 1900, 23,242. SAARBURG, zar'boTirK. A town of Alsace- Lorraine, Germany, on the Saar, 44 miles by Tail northwest of Strassburg. (Jlap: Germany. B 4). It is surrounded by walls and strongly garrisoned. Gloves, lace, beer, and watch- springs are manufactured. Population, in 1900, 9,178. SAARDAM, sar'dam. A town of the Nether- lands. See Z..^xn.M. SAARGEMTJND, zar'ge-munt' (Fr. Sarre- guemiiies). A town in the Province of Alsace- Lorraine, German.v, situated at the confluence of the Blies and the Saar, 40 miles east of Jletz (Map: Germany, B 4). It has a gymnasium, and manufactures pottery, hempen fabrics, silks, velvets, etc. Population,' in 1900, 14.080. SAARLOUIS, zitr'loo'*. A town in the Rhine Province, Prussia, on the Saar, near the French frontier, and 31 miles southeast of Treves (Jlap: Germany B 4). Its fortifications were built by Vauban in 1080-85 during the reign of T.ouis XIV. They arc now comparatively unimportant. and are used as barracks and depots. In the vicinit.v are lead and iron mines, and the town lias manufactures of leather, wire, and firearms. Population, in 1900. 7,864. SAAVEDRA, sit'.i-v.a'dra, Axgel de. Duke de Rivas (1791-18G5). A Spanish statesman and author, born in Cordoba. After eight years' ser- vice in the army he devoted himself to literary studies, and had written Ensayox porticos (1813) and several tragedies before the revolution of 1820, in which he took so prominent a part that from 1823 to 1834 he was forced to live in exile. In 1834 lu' returned to Spain, and in 1836 he be- came Jlinister of the Interim-. The revolutionary rising of that vear drove him again into fxile. In 1844 lie became Ambassador to Naples, in 1855 he was sent to France, and in 1860 to Florence. Among his works are Floriiuhi (1824-25), an epic of the Jloorish conquest ; El Moro exposito (1834), also an epic: histories of the Neapoli- tan revolution (1848; revised. 1881) and of JIasaniello (1800); and many romances and some excellent plays. His complete works were edited by his son in the Castilian Colccciun (1895)." SAAZ, zats (Bohemian Zatec). A town in the Crownland of Bohemia, Austria, on the Eger, 43 miles northwest of Prague (Map: .ustria. CI). It is the centre of the Bohemian hop industry. The town has an institute for instruction in hop- growing and preparing, and gives annual prizes for, excellence in this line. There are manufac- tures of machinerv. leather, and sugar. The population in 1890 "was 13,234; in 1900. 16,168, mostly Germans. SABA, sa'ba. An island of the Dutch West Indies belonging to the Colony of Curacao, and situated among the Leeward Islands, 26 miles southwest of Saint Martin Island (Map: West Indies, Q 6). Area. 5 square miles. It is a circular volcanic peak rising 2817 feet above the sea. Cotton and indigo are produced. Popula- tion, in 1900, 2177. SABADELL, sa'Ba-oal'y'. A town of North- eastern Sjjain, in the Province of Barci'loiia, situ- ated oil the Barce!ona-Saiagos.sa Railroad 11 miles northwest of the fiu'mcr city (Map; Spain, G 2). It is an important manufacturing centre, about half of its population being employed in its textile mills. The town has a colle.ge. Popu- lation, in 1887, 19.645; in 1900, 23,375. SAB'ADIL'LA (Sp. ceradiUa, cedetbUla, di- minutive of cevada, cebaha, barle.v, from ecbar, Lat. cibai-e, to feed, from cibtis, food), Cebadilla, or Cevadilla (Asafrrera o/fif'nwli>i. or 8rhcnoc(iii- lon o/}lcinnlis) . A ilexican plant of the natural order Liliaceip whose winged wrinkled seeds have been ein])lo.ved in medicine like white licllehore (Vcriitnan album) since the sixteenth century and have been considered irritant, sedative, and rubefacient. SABjE'ANS. The name of an ancient people of Southern Arabia. Information concerning this jieople is derived from three sources : ( 1 ) Certain notices in the Old Testament. In Gen. x. three pedigrees are given for Sheba (or Saba), the eponymous ancestor of the Saba^ans. but it is clear that Sheba belongs to Southern Arabia. The visit of the (Juccn of Sheba to Solomon (I. Kin.ss X. ) is In- many thou.cht to be legendary, but even if so, it indicates the importance which the kingdom of the Sab.vans had acquired at an early date. References in Isaiah. .Teremiah. Ezckicl. and .Job point to the commercial activity of the Saba'ans. (2) Classical writers, esiiceially Pliny, repre- sent the people of Yemen (which they use as a general name for Southern .Arabia) as wealthy, widelv extended, and enterprisin.<r, of fine stature and noble bearing, particularly distinguished as merchants; the chief articles of their merchan- dise were gold, perfumes, spice, incense, and