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* BUTLAND. . 392 RUYSCH. ductivo in the United States. The city has also lnr;,'e soala works, lumber mills, machine shops, boiler and cnp;ine works, and manvifactories of brick, furniture, cheese, etc. Population, in 11100, 11,499. Rutland was chartered by New Hampshire in 171. but not settled until nine years later. Along ith the rest of the State, it was claimed for many years by both New Hampshire and New York. an(i in 1772 the latter re-chartered it as Sooialborougli. This name, however, seems never to have been used. Till 1804 Rutland was one of the two State capitals, and the State House built here in 1784 is the second oldest building in Vermont. In 1802 Rutland was chartered as a city. Consult Williams, Centennial Celebration of the Settlement of Rutland (Rutland, 1870). BUTLAND, John James Manners, Duke of. Sec JlAN'N'EIi.S. EXTT'LEDGE, Edward (1749-1800). An American patriot, born at Charleston, S. C. After studying law, first in Charleston and then in Lon- don, he was admitted to the bar, and became very prominent as a lawyer. He w^as a member of the Continental Congress in 1774-77, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, served on the first Board of War in 1770. and in the same j'ear was a joint commissioner with John Adams and Franklin to treat with Lord Howe with re- gard to peace. He was reelected to Congress in 1779, but, on account of illness, did not take his seat. He was taken prisoner near Charleston in 1780, and was confined at Saint Aiigustine for eleven montlis. From 1798 until his death he was Ciovernor of .South Carolina. BUTLEDGE, John (1739-1800). An Ameri- can statesman, born at Charleston. S. C. He studied law in London, and began to practice at Charleston in 17G1. He sat in the Stamp Act Congress at New York in 176.5, in the South Carolina convention in 1774, and the Continental Congress of 1774; was chairman of the commit- tee which framed the new Constitution for South Carolina in 1770. and was first President (1776- 98) under that Constitution. In 1779 he was Governor of the State, and during the siege of Charleston was given almost absolute power by the Legislature. On the surrender of the city in 1780 be joined the Army of the South, with which he remained till the end of the war. He was a member of Congress in 1782, and again in 1783, was Chancellor of his State in 1784, mem- ber of the convention which framed the Federal Constitution (1787) and of the State convention which adopted it. He was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1789-91), was Chief Justice of South Carolina from 1791 to 1795, and in July, 1795, was appointed Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, but, owing to the loss of his reason, the appointment was not confirmed. BXJTLI, rut'le. A meadow in Switzerland. See Grutli. EU'TULI. An ancient Italian people on the coast of Latium, south of the mouth of the Tiber. In the early legends they appear as hostile to the Latins, but later are found in the L.itin League. Their capital was Ardea. which was conquered by the Romans in B.C. 442 and made a Latin colony. In Vergil's -JSneid, Turnus is their king, and leads them against -Eneas and the Trojans, who threaten to supplant him with Latinus, whose daughter he had been promised. EUVO DI PUGLIA, roo'v6 de poo'lya. A city in the Province of Bari, Italy, 20 miles west of Bari, with which it has steam tramway con- nection (Hap: Italy, L 6). It is surrounded by walls, has a twelfth-century cathedral, a semi- nary, and a gymnasium. The Apulian tombs in the vicinity have yielded many beautiful vases. The city is famous for its potteries. It trades in grain, pul.se, and fruits. Population (commune), in 1881, 17,9.56; in 1901, 23,776. BUWENZOBI, roo'wen-zo're. A mountain mass in Central Africa, on the boundarj' between the Congo Free State and British East Africa, and betw'een the Albert Nyanza and the Albert Edward Nyanza ( Map : Congo Free State, F 2 ). It consists of several parallel ridges and groups of peaks with altitudes estimated at from 16.000 to 20,000 feet, so that it may prove to be the highest mountain mass in Africa. All the higher summits are capped with perpetual snow, and the whole mass has a very imposing appearance, fall- ing steeply on the west and south into the great fissure which runs through the African plateau. The core of the mountains is of erujitive granite, and the sides are covered with mica-slate. Ru- wenzori was discovered in 1888 by the Stanley expedition. In 1901 Wylde reached an altitude of 15,000 feet. BUY BLAS, rn'e' bias. A drama by Victor Hugo (1838). The hero is the lackey of Don Salluste, who was disgraced by the Queen. His relative, Don Cesar de Bazan. disappears and Ruy Bias is forced to personate him at Court, where he rises to power. Salluste plans a ren- dezvous to ruin the Queen, but Ruy Bias, who loves her, kills his master and himself to save her honor. EUYSBEOEK, rois'brook. or BXJSBBOEK. Jan Van (1293-1381). A Dutch mystic. He was born at Ruysbroek ; studied at Brussels, and became vicar of the Church of Saint Gudule in Brussels, but in 1343 he retired to the Augus- tinian Monastery of Ciroenendael. near Waterloo, where he spent the remainder of his life as prior. Here he believed his writing to be under the direct inspiration of the Holy Spirit. From him dates the succession of mystical teachers in Ciermany and the Netherlands prior to the Refor- mation. He earned the name of Ecstatic Teacher. An edition of his works, which he wrote partly in Flemish and partly in Latin, was published in Hanover in 1848. Consult : Engelhardt. Richard roil Haint Victor nnd Ruysbroek (Erlangen, 1838); Schmidt. Etude snr Ruysbroek (Strass- burg, 1859) ; and Auger, De Doetrina et Meritis Joannis' dr Ruysbroek (Louvain, 1892). BTJYSCH, rois, Rachel (1664-1750). A Dutch flower and fruit painter, born in Amster- dam. She was a pupil of Willem van Aelst, married the portrait painter .Turiaen Pool in 1695. was received into the guild at The Hague in 1701. and became Court painter to the Elector Palatine in Diisseldort in 1708. Her reputation as a flower painter was second only to that of Jan van Huysum. She excelled particularly in painting rare exotic flowers and insects. Two admirable pieces (dated 1700 and 1715) are in The Hague Museum, a fine fruit piece and four others in the Pinakothek at Munich, four in