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* ETJSSELL. 362 RUSSELL. ford (1653-1727). lie was bred to the sea, and was groom of the beik-hanibcr to the Duke of York, afterwards .James 11., but retired from Court upon the judicial murder of his cousin Lord William Russell (q.v.). Strenuouslj- support- ing' llie Ivcvulution. he obtained liiyli naval eom- inands from William 111., and distiufjuished him- self particularly by his victory over the French Ueet at La llogue in 16!)2. Of recent members of the family the most celebrated is Lord John Kussell (q.v.) ( 1702-1S78). RUSSELL, Benjamin (1761-1845). An American journalist. He was born in Boston, and was apprenticed to a printer, but before com- pleting his term enlisted in the Revolutionary Army, where he rose to the rank of major. Dur- ing his service he contributed war news to the Worcester Hpy. After the war he began the pub- lication of a semi-weekly journal. The Colinnbiaii Hentinel. This paper he controlled for forty years, and, assisted bj- Ames, Pickering, Lowell, Higginson, and Cabot as contributors, made it one of the most influential organs of the Fed- eralist Party. He was one of the aldermen of Boston; was a representative to the General Court ; State Senator for a number of years ; wa.s one of the Governor's Council; and in 1820 was a member of the constitutional convention. He retired from the editorship of the Sentinel in 1828, but from 1795 to 1830 published another Federalist paper, the Gazette, which also exerted a marked influence on the public opinion of the time. RUSSELL, Sir CH.A.RLES Aethub, Baron Kil- lowcn (1832-1900). Lord Chief Justice of Eng- land, born at Newry, Killowen, County Down, Ireland. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, studied law in Lincoln's Inn, was ad- mitted to the bar in 1859, and began practice on the Northern circuit. He won early recognition as an able advocate, and in 1872 became a bencher of Lincoln's Inn and a Queen's commis- sioner. In 1886 he became Attorney-General in the Gladstone Cabinet, and again held that of- fice from 1892 to 1894. He was counsel for the British claims before the Bering Sea Commission in 1893. Early in the following year (1894) he was made Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and created a life peer with the title of Baron Kil- lowen, and before the close of the year succeeded Lord Coleridge as Chief .Justice, being the first Roman Catholic to hold that office since the Reformation. He was one of the strongest ad- vocates of international arbitration, and deliv- ered a remarkable address on that subject before the American Bar Association in 1896. In 1899 he was a member of the Venezuelan Boundary Arbitration Tribunal. For two decades before his death, he was regarded as one of the ablest lawyers in Gieat Britain, and in an unofficial capacity was known in his conduct of the case of his friend, Charles Stewart Parnell. before the Parliamentary Commission, in which he played a part in exposing the notorious Pigott forgeries published in the Times. RUSSELL, Charles 'WiLLi.M (1812-80). A Eoman Catliolic theologian and educator. He was born at Killough, County Down. Ireland; educated at Maynooth College, where he became professor of ecclesiastical history (1845). and president ( 1857). He wrote The Life of Cardinal Mezzofanti (1858); translated Leibnitz's Sys- tem of Theology (1850); compiled with J. P. Prendergast the Calendar of the State Papers, litiatiny to Ireland, of the lieiyn of James I. (1872-77). He was made a member of the Historical Manuscripts Commission in 1809 and with Prendergast reported on the Thomas Carte manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (8 vols., 1871). Cardinal Newman in his Apologia attributes to him the chief share in his conver- sion to the Roman Obedience. RUSSELL, D.viD Allen (1820-64). An American soldier, born at Salem, N. Y. He graduated at West Point in 1845, and fought in the Mexican War. At the beginning of the Civil War he entered the volunteer service as colonel of the Seventh Massachusetts Volunteers, which he led through the Peninsular campaign. In 1862 he became a brigadier-general of volunteers, and during the Rappahannock campaign was in com- )uand of a brigade of the Sixth Army Corps. He ])articipated in the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania. In 1864 he received the brevet of brigadier-general, and later was active in the operations before Petersburg. He com- manded his division in the Shenandoah cam- paign, was brevetted major-general, and was killed in the battle of Opequan, Va. RUSSELL, Henry (1813-1900). An English vocalist and song composer, the father of W. Clark Russell. He was born at Sheerness, Kent. In 1833-41 he traveled in the United States and Canada, and gave a series of recitals which be- came very popular. In 1841 he returned to England, and after a series of successful recitals, began the presentation of an entertainment called "The Far West, or The Emigrant's Prog- ress from the Old World to the New," which did much to stimulate emigration to America. He composed about 800 songs, the most famous of which are "Cheer, Boys, Cheer," "There's a Good Time Coming, Boys," "A Life on the Ocean Wave," "To the West," and "0 W'oodman, Spare that Tree." RUSSELL. Irwin (185.3-79). An American poet, born in Port Gibson, Miss. He was among the first to turn negro character to literary ac- count. Russell wrote both in correct English and in dialect, and possessed distinct powers of humor and pathos. His verses were collected after his <leath in Poems (1888). RUSSELL, Israel Cook ( 1852— ). An Ameri- can geologist, born near Garratsville, N. Y. He graduated at New York University in 1872 and studied for two years at the School of Mines of Columbia University. He was assistant profes- sor of geology at the Columbia University School of Mines from 1875 to 1878, and in the latter year was assistant geologist to the United States Geological Survey west of the 100th meridian. In 1880 he was appointed geologist of the United States Geological Survey. In that capacity he made numerous explorations and surveys in the southern portion of the Appalachians, west of the Rocky Mountains, and in Alaska. In 1890- 91 he conducted to the Blount Saint Elias region expeditions which made valuiible contributions both to geograpliy and geology'. He was ap- jjointed to the chair of geology in the University of Michigan in 1892. His more important works include: Geological History of Lake Lahontan (1885); Lakes of yorth America (1895); Gla-