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* ROWSON. 326 ROYAL ANTELOPE. ^ulu^lli iui iIk- line name, Stanley. In throe years twenty tliousand copies of tliis book were sold. A sequel to this story, Lucy Temple, ap- ficared posthumously (182S), and she was author <if several other novels. Consult her Life by Elias .:i^(in (Alliauy. ISTO). ROWTON HEATH, Battle of. A battle in the Civil War in England, fought September 24, 1045. Though the royal eause was actually lost at Nascby, Charles attempted to collect a new force in Wales. At the head of 5000 troops the King with his vanguard entered Chester, which was but partially surrounded by Brereton. Colo- nel I'oyntz and Brereton made a combined attack on Sir Marmailuke Longdale, commander of the King's rear guard, at Rowton Heath, near Ches- ter, 'i'lu' King lost about 1300 men. ROXA'NA (Lat., from Gk. 'Potd;');) ( ?-B.C. 311 ). A wife of Alexander the Great. She was a daughter of the Bactrian Prince Oxyartes. Soon after Alexander's death ( 323 ), and before the birth of her son, Alexander --Egus, she in- duced Statira, one of Alexander's wives, to come lo Babylon, and there caused her to be murdered. Her son was recognized as first of the heirs of the King, but both he and Roxana were put to death by Cassander's orders (Plutarch, Alexand- er; Arrian, Anabasis, vii. 27; Diodorus, books xviii. and xix.). ROXBURGH, roks'bur-u. A southeastern bor- der county of Scotland (Map: Scotland, F 4). Area, 005 square miles. The physical aspect is varied and picturesque, with the Cheviot and Lauriston Hills bounding a considerable portion of its borders. The interior is generally fertile and is farmed to the greatest advantage. The chief river is the Tweed. Chief towns, Jedburgh, the capital, and Hawick. Population, in 1901, 48,800. ROXBURGH, Jonyt Ker. third Bi-ike of (1740-1804). An English bibliophile, born in London. He was appointed by George III. a lord of the bedchamber in 1707, and groom of the stole and privy councilor in 1790. He collected one of the most remarkable private libraries ever amassed in Great Britain. His more important acquisitions included a collection of works printed by Caxton. the two rare editions, both dated 1560, of the Scottish Acts of Parliament, a collection of the rare broadsides, including 1340 numbers, and Valdarfer's edition of Boccaccio, which, when tlie librarv was dispersed bv sale in 1812. was bought by the Marqiiis of Blandford for £2200. ROXBURGHE CLUB. A famous English book club, the first of these associations devoted to the reprinting for their memVjers of old and rare books. It was founded in London after the sale of the magnificent collection of books formed by .John, third Duke of Roxburgh, which realized nearly £25,000. The sale of the Valdarfer Boc- caccio for £2200 was celebrated by a dinner at the Saint Albans Tavern, at which the club was founded, to consist of twenty-four members, each of whom was made responsible for the reprinting of one book. See Book Club. ROX'BURT. Formerly a city in Norfolk County, ilass.. but since 1808 a part of Boston (Map: ilassaehusetts, E 3). Roxbury was set- tled in 1630. and included among its early in- habitants Thomas Dudley, thrice Governor of Massachusetts, and John Eliot, who was minister here for nearly sixty years (1032-00). The famous Roxbury Latin Scluxd was established as the "Free School in Koxburie" some time between 1042 and 1645, and was endowed by Thomas Bell in 1071. Consult Drake, The Town of Roj-hurii (Roxbury, 1878). ROX'OLA'NI. In antiquity, a warlike people of Sarmatian origin, who dwelt north of Ma,'otis Pains, between the Tanai's (Don) and Borys- thenes (Dnieper). They appear in history as early as the time of Mithridatcs the Great and about A.D. 09 had reached the botnidary of Ma>- sia. Their dangerous inroads into the Danubian provinces induced the Emperor Hadrian to come to terms with them by paying an amiual tribute. At a later period, however, they appear as Roman auxiliaries. Mention is made of them last in the eleventh century. ROY, William (1720-90). A British military engineer and geodesist. He was born in Carluke Parish, Lanarkshire, and at the age of twenty be- came connected with the army. He was the first British geodesist. He was employed in preparing for the Government a map of the Highlands, and finally of the whole mainland of Scotland, which, however, owing to imperfect instruments and the hurried nature of the survey, was only, to use Roy's own words, "a magnificent military sketch." After a military career in which his engineering skill was frequently availed of. Roy devoted him- self to scientific pursuits, and in 1783 was em- ployed by the British Government to connect the geodetic surveys of France and England in order to determine the relative positions of the Paris and Greenwich observatories. ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS, Tife. The most important of all British art institutions. It dates from 1708 and was founded by George III. Sir Joshua Reynolds was its first president. The number of academicians usually is about forty, and the number of associates is a little less. The president is knighted upon election, and the pres- idency is for life. Among the painters who have filled this office are Reynolds, Benjamin West, Lawrence, Eastlake, Leighton, Millais, and Poyn- ter (1890). The first permanent rooms of the Academy were in Somerset House (1780). It re- moved to Trafalgar Square in 1834 and finallv to Burlington House, Piccadilly, in 1809. About 2000 works of art are brought together at the Academy exhibitions, which take place each spring, and no artist may exhibit more than eight works. There are also other exhibitions, besides those of the Academy proper, which take place under its patronage. T'he permanent collection of the Academy contains many valuable paintings, as well as the diploma works of nearly all the academicians. The art schools of the Royal .Academy, also in Burlington House, are free to all students in painting, sculpture, and architec- ture. The professors are academicians, and they also deliver lectures during the school year. There are several traveling scholarships, and variovis medals and prizes, which are awarded annually and biennially. Consult: Sandby, History of the Roi/til Academy of Arts from its Foundation in 176S (London.' 1802) ; Laidlay, The Royal Acad- emy: Its Uses and Abases (ib., 1898) ; and The Year's Art (ib.. annually). ROYAL ANTELOPE. One of the diminutive steinboks of the genus Nanotragus, remarkable as the smallest of all the ruminants, standing