Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/342

* KOTH. 310 ROTHROCK. ROTH, KiDOLF vo.N- (1821-95). A C4ernian Orientalist mid Sanskrit scholar. He was born in IStuttyart and was educated at Tubingen and Ber- lin. He eontinued bis studies in Paris and Lou- don, and in 1848 received the appointment of ex- traordinary professor of Oriental languages in Tiibingen University, becoming full profes- sor and principal librarian in 1856. His chief work is the nionumeutal SuiisJcrit Wurlcrhuch (7 vols.. Saint Petersburg, 1853-95), compiled in collaboration with Otto von Bohtlingk (q.v.) and published by the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He edited Yaska"s A'frwt^a (1852) and, «ith A'hitney. the Atharva Veda (1850-57). His original works include: Zur Litteratiir und (liKchitliU- des eda (1846) ; Der Atharva-Veda i)i Kuschmir (1875) ; Ueber Yagna 31 (1876). ROTHE, ro'tc, Richard (1799-1867). A Ger- man theologian. He was born at Posen, and became successively member, professor (1828), director, and ephorus (1832) of the theological seminar}' of Wittenberg. In 1837 he was nomi- nated professor of theology at the University of Heidelberg, which position he exchanged in 1849 for a chair in Bonn. In 1854 he returned to Heidelberg. One of his well-known works is the fhcoloyische Ethik (2d ed. 1869), a complete system of speculative theologj'. An- other book is Die Anfange der christlichen Kirche, of which only the first volume appeared (1837), and which, by the peculiar standpoint assumed by the author regarding Church and State, evoked many fierce counter-treatises. His posthumous works are his lectures on Dogma tik (1870) ; Pre- digten (1872); Vorlesungen ilber Kirchenge- schichte utid Geschichte des christUch-kirchlichen Lcbens (1875-70) ; Abendandachten iiber die Pas- toralbriefe ( 1876-77 ) ; Der erste Brief Johannis (1878); Theologische EncyklopUdie (1880); Ge- schichte der Predigt (1881); Oesammelte Vor- triige (1886). Consult his Life by Nippold (Wit- tenberg, 1873-75). ROTHENBXJRG OB DER TAUBER, ro'ten- btiorK op der tou'ber. A town of Bavaria, Ger- many, .30 miles south-southeast of Wiirzburg (Map: Germany, C 4). It is a very ancient place, and is still surrounded by well-preserved fortifications. It manufactures baby carriages, toys, golil. and silver ware, agricultural imple- ments, and wine. Rothenburg was a free Im- perial city from 1274 to 1803. Population, in 1900. 792,3. ROTHERHAM, roTii'er-om. A manufactur- ing town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Eng- land. 6 miles northeast of Sheifield, on the Don (Map: England, E 3). The Free Grammar- School. founded in 1584 and restored in 185S. and the court-house are handsome buildings. There are also an Independent College, a meahanics' institute, an infirmary, and two fine parks. The town owns its gas and water works, and main- tains libraries, a museum, and technical schools. Neighboring coal and iron mines ftirnish mate- rials for the manufactures, the chief of which are stoves, grates, glass, and pottery. The town dates from the Roman period. During the Civil War it sided with the Parliamentarians, was taken possession of by the Royalists in 1643. and retaken by Parliament after Marston Moor. Population, in 1891, 42,100; in 1901, 54,300. In the vicinity are the well-preserved remains of Roche Abbey, erected in 1147, and Conisborough Castle, a massive ancient stronghold, mentioned in Scott's Irunhoe. Consult Guest, Uisturioul No- tices of Rulherhum (London, 1879). ROTHERMEL, roTu'er-mel, Petek Freder- ick (1817-95), An American historical painter, born at Nescopack, Pa. He was a pupil of Bass Otis in Philadelphia, and at first painted por- traits, but soon devoted himself to historical subjects. From 1847 to 1855 he was director of the Pennsylvania Academy, and in 1856-59 lived in Europe — for two years in Rome. His best works include: "Columbus Before Queen Isa- bella;" "The Christian Martyrs;" the "Battle of Gettysburg" (1871), Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, a gigantic canvas, one of the attractions at the Centennial Fair ; and the "Embarkment of Columbus," Pennsj'lvania Acad- emy. Rothermel was a very prolific painter, pos- sessing some talent for composition, but was deficient in real technical ability. He died near Pottstown, Pa. ROTHESAY, roth'sa. A seaport and popular watering-place, the capital of Bviteshire, Scot- land, situated on the island of Bute, at the head of a deep ba,y in the Firth of Clyde, 40 miles west of Gla.sgow (Map: Scotland, C 4). The bay offers safe anchorage and is spacious enough to contain the largest fleet, and is reguJarly en- tered by nearly all the Clyde steamers to and from the West Highlands. In the middle of the town are the ruins of Rothesay Castle, built about 1103. Rothesay is a favorite resort for invalids suffering from pulmonary affections. Fishing is the employment of a number of the inhabitants, and ship-building is carried on. Population, in 1901, 9,323. Consult Roger, llothe- siiji Castle (London, 1896). ROTHESAY, David Stewart, Duke of, and Earl of Carrick (c.1378-1402). A Scotch lord, eldest son of Robert III. of Scotland. Upon his father's coronation he became Earl of Carrick; and in 1399, after governing Northern Scotland for more than two years, was made Duke of Rothesay and became Regent of Scotland. About the same time he married Elizabeth, daughter of the Earl of Douglas, thus jilting his fiancee, daughter to the Earl of March, and bringing on Scotland an expedition of revenge led by Henry IV. of England, which accomplished nothing, thanks to Rothesay's strategy and coolness. In 1402, when he had been regent for three years, Douglas, to ptuiish Rothesay's infidelity to his wife, joined with the Duke of Albany, captured the Lord Lieutenant at Strathtyrum and impris- oned him in Falkland Castle, where he died of starvation or — less probably — of disease. ROTH'ROCK, .Icseph Trimble (I839-). An American botanist, born in McVeytown. Pa. He graduated at Harvard in 1864, served in the Civil War as captain of Pennsylvania cavalry, and in 1867 completed a course in medicine at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, where, after service on the A'heeler geographical survey, he became pro- fessor of botany. He held a like post in the Pennsylvania .grieultural College and became State Commissioner of Forestry. Rothrock pub- lished Flora nf Alaska (1867). Botanti of the Wheeler Expedition ( 1878), and Forestry Reports of Pennsylvania (1895-97).