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* ROSSETTI. 306 ROSSINI. (Florence, 1861) ; llie biography by Tietiocola in the Contcmporanei italiani (Turin, 1861). ROSSETTI, William Michael (1829—). An English critic of art and literature, brother of llantc Gal)riel Kossetti. He was born in London and from King's College School entered the ex- cise oHiee in 184.'), became assistant secretary there in 1860, and was retired in 1894. He was clcsely connected with the Pre-Raphaelite Broth- erhood, beginning in 1848, and was editor of its organ. The Vicrm. He published a version of Dante's /(i/rrHO (1865) -AnA Fine Art (1867), but his popular repute is as an editor of poetry. and of material in regard to the Prc-Raphaelitcs, and as a biographer. His more important works include: Dante 0. Uossetti as Designer and Writer (188!)) ; Memoir of Rossetti (1895) : A'c»; Poems of Christina Rossetti (1896); Ruskin, Rossetti, Pre-Raphaelitism (1898); Memoirs of (lahriele Rossetti, a translation of his father's autobiography (1901); the Collected Works of D. G. Rossetti; Life of Keats (1887) ; Lives of Famous Poets (1878) ; and editions of English poets and of Pre Raphnelite Diaries and Letters (1900). His wife, a daughter of Ford Madox Brown, an author and painter herself, died in 1894. ROSSI, r6s's6, Asarya (or Azariah) dei (c.1514-78). An Italian Hebraist, born in Man- tua. In 1574-75 he published his great work Ma'or 'enayim, or "The Light of the Eyes," of ■which the first part deals with the earthquake of Ferrara in 1570 and of natural phenomena in general. The second tells of the translation of the Septuagint, and the third deals with literary and historical criticism, for the most part in a ' very radical manner. Rossi answered orthodox attacks in Mazref la Kesef, or "The Refining Pot for Silver" (reprinted with the Ma'or 'enayim by Zunz at Vilna, 1863-66). ROSSI, Ernesto ( 1829-96). An Italian actor. He was born at Legliorn, and studied law at the University of Pisa. Subsequently he entered a dramatic school, and after having appeared in various Kalian cities, went in 1855 with Mme. Ristori to Paris. He acted there and later in Vienna with great success, and then returned to Italy and founded a dramatic company. He ap- peared again in Paris in 1866 in Le dd on the occasion of the anniversary of Corneille. "Having visited Spain, Portugal, and South America, he retui'ned to Paris in 1875 and gave a series of Shakespearean representations. He also played successfully in London and in the United States (1881) in Shakespearean characters. Consult his Quarant' anni di vita artistica (Florence, 1887-89) . He was the author also of Studj dram- matiei (1882) and of a few plays. His brother, Cesare Ros.si ( 1828-98 ), was a noted comedian. ROSSI, Francesco dei (1510-63). An Italian painter, known also as II Cecchino del Salviati and Salviati, from his patron. Cardinal Salviati. He was born in Florence, and was a pupil of Bugiardini. Bandinelli. and Andrea del Sarto (1.529). Under the protection of Cardinal Sal- viati, he went early to Rome and painted in Santa Maria della Pace, and in the palace of his patron. In 1554 he was taken to France by Cardinal de Lorraine, and there was occupied in the Cardinal's Chateau de Dampierre and at Fontainebleau. His frescoes and easel pictures. full of mannerisms imitated from Jlichelangelo, are in various European galleries. ROSSI, Giovanni Battista de (1822-94). .Vn Italian arclueologist, best known for his contri- butions to the knowledge of Christian antii|uities. He was born in Rome, studied in the Cullegio Romano and at the Sapienza, and then received the post of scripior in the Vatican Archives, where he was long engaged in cataloguing manuscripts. The work for which he is most famous is the study of the Catacombs. Xot only did be map their windings, but he made the important discovery of the Cemetery of Saint Calixtus, with its Papal tombs from the third Christian century. Rossi saw the great importance of literature in connection with epigraphy, and for the history of the Cata- combs utilized martj'rologies, calendars, and me- dia>val itineraries. In this, his great work, be was largely assisted by his brother, Miehele de Rossi. Supplementing the Roma sotteranea cristiana (1864-77) were the Musaici cristiani e saggi di pavimenti delle chiese di Roma (1872-96), and the Inscriptiones Christiana; Urbis Romw Septimo Heeeulo Antiquiores (1857-88). Apart from Christian archaeology, which was the main topic of the Bollelino di archeologia (1863-94, edited and almost entirely written by him), he was an able epigraphist. The Berlin Academy appointed Rossi, Mommsen, and Henzen a commission for the publication of the Corpus Inscriptionum Lat- inarnni (1863 et seq.). With Henzen he edited the sixth volume of the Corpus, the non-Christian Inscriptiones Urbis Romce Latince (1876-94.) ROSSI, Pellegrino, Count (1787-1848). An Italian jurist and statesman, born in Carrara. He studied at Pisa and Bologna, and became professor of law at the latter university in 1812. In 1815 he sided with Murat, and upon his fall took refuge at Geneva, where he was appointed professor of criminal law (1819) and published Le droit penal (1829), a very learned work, which made him famous in France. In 1833 Louis Philippe called him to Paris, and appointed him professor of political economy in the College de France. He there wrote his treatise Du droit constitutionnel, in recognition of which he was made a member of the Chamber of Peers (1839). Rossi was sent to Rome as ambassador in 1845. There he became once more an Italian subject after the fall of Louis Philippe (1848). being elected from Bologna to the Roman Chamber. On September 14. 1848, he was intrusted by Pius IX. with the formation of a Ministry. He opposed the House of Savoy and planned an alliance with the King of Naples, which had for its object an Italian confederation under the Papal presi- dency. The resulting unpopularity of Rossi prob- ably led to his assassination, November 15, 1848. Besides the Droit penal, Rossi published the Cours d'iconomie politique (1840) and other works. He also left many unedited writings. Consult D'Ideville, Le eomte PeUecirino Rossi: sa vie, son oeuvre, sa mort, 1787-18JiS (Paris, 1887). ROSSINI, rd-se'ne, Gioachino Antonio (1792-1868). A famous Italian composer, born at Pesaro. At the age of fifteen he was sent by the Countess Perticari to the Lyceum of Bologna. His first opera w-as composed in 1810 under the title of La Camiiale di Matrimonio, and met