Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/316

* KOSA. 288 ROSARY. niosplicrc itself of a cheerless hue, only occasion- ull.v lij;htccl up by a solitary sunbeam. Excellent spceiniens of this kind are "Mercury and the Dishonest Woodman" and "Forest Scene with Tobias and the Angel," both in the National Gal- lery, London. In his marines, of which a good example is the unique "Stormy Sea" in the Berlin JMuseum, he followed the same taste. He dis- plays greater merit in landscapes of smaller dimensions, like those iu the Gallery of Augs- burg'. In other works the landscape becomes subortlinate, and the figures form the principal subject, a favorite theme being a "Warrior Doing Penance," of which the Vienna Museum contains a tine example. The "Selva del filosofi," in the Palazzo Pitli. Florence, is of the same class. In his later Florentine period the influence of Claude l^orrain seems traceable iu a few s<nnmer harlior views, exempliticd by the large and splendid "Coast Scene" in the Palazzo Coloinia, Kome. Salvator also painted excellent portraits; his own is in the Ullizi and in the Palazzo Pitti, Florence, and in the Dresden Museum, and he introduced it also into several of his pictures, notably in the "Poet and Satyr." in the Palazzo Chigi, Rome, and in the "Battle," in the Palazzo Pitti. He produced about ninety spirited etchings after his own designs. For his lite, consult: Baldinucci (Venice, 1830) and Ignazio Cantii (Milan, 1844) ; also Regnet. in Dohme. Kunst und Kiinstler Italieits, iii. (Leipzig, 1879). ROSA'CEA. See Acne. BOSA'CE.a; (Neo-Lat. nom. pi. of Lat. rosa- ccus, made of roses, from rosa, rose), or Rose Family. An order of at least 90 genera and 2000 .species of dicotyledonous herbs, shrubs, and trees, chiefly natives of the cooler parts of the North- ern Hemisphere, and among which are many species of great usefulness and beauty. It em- braces the most important fruits of temperate climates, as the apple, pear, plum, peach, black- berry, raspberry, strawberr}-. and many orna- mental plants such as rose, spirEea, mountain ash, etc. The fruit is various, as a drupe, pome, follicule. an acheniuni, a heap of aehenia, or of one-seeded berries, etc. The order, as generally limited, is divided into a number of suborders, several of which have by some botanists been ele- vated to the rank of distinct orders, as Aniyg- dalese, Pomaeeie, Sanguisorbefe. The classifica- tion into suborders and chief genera as adopted by Engler is as follows : Spirceoidece — represented by Spiriea, Quillaja, Holodiscus: Pomoidccc — with Pyrus : Rosodiccc — Rhodotypds, Kerria, Rubus, Potentilla, Fragaria, Geum, Dryas. Purshia, Ul- maria, Agrimonia, Poterium, and Rosa; Neura- doidew — Neurada ; Prnnoidew — Prunus, Nuttal- lia; Clirysohalanoidew — Chrysobalanus, Hirtella. In addition to the grouping here given the genera are arranged in a dozen or more tribes. See Rose; Rubus ; Strawberry; Agrimony; Spir.ea. ROSALES, rfi-sii'Ias. A town of Luzon, Phil- ippines, in the Province of Pangasin;in. situated on the .gno River, 24 miles southeast of Lin- gayen (Map: Luzon, D 3). Population, 11,519. RO'SALIND. (1) The name under which Spenser, in the l^hepheard's Calendai'. refers to his early love. Rose or Rosa Daniel, who mar- ried John Florio. She is called Mirabel in the Faerie Qtieene. (2) In Shakespeare's .4s You Like It, the daughter of the banished Duke. She is herself banished, and, assuming male attire, lives with a companion in the Forest of Arden luitil Orlando meets her. BO'SAMOND (C.1140-C.117G). The mistress of King Henry II. of England, usually known as Fair Rosamond. She was the daughter of Wal- ter de Clid'ord, and Henry II. seems to have first entered into relations with her about the year 1174. Little is really known about her, for the tale that she was secreted in the palace of Wood- stock and that Queen Eleanor found her tlicre and poisoned her is of late origin. She probably died in the uunnery of Godstow, in Oxfordshire. It is said that she had two sous by Henry II., William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, and Gcoirrey, Archbishop of York, but there is no proof of this. Late chronicles tell that she was buried before the altar in the church of Godstow, but that in 1191 Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, caused the body to be removed to the chapter house and there reinterred. ROSARIO, rosa're-o. A city of Argentina, in the Province of Santa F^, situated on the west bank of the Paranii, 175 miles northwest of Buenos Ayres, and 214 miles above that city along the river (Map: Argentina, E 10). It is substantially built, and has wide streets trav- ersed by several lines of street railways. The chief importance of the city lies in its commerce. It is the centre of a considerable railroad system, and is the principal port and outlet for the prod- ucts of all the northern proinces of the Republic. The river is navigable to this point for vessels drawing 10 feet, and transatlantic steamers load directly at the wharves. There are grain ele- vators. The chief exports are wheat, hides and other agricultural and cattle products, metals, and ores. These were valued in 1900 at $28,436,- 000, while the imports amounted to .$9,301,000. Besides river craft, 682 ocean vessels with an aggregate of 1,027,353 tons entered the port in 1900. Rosario is the second city in size in the Republic. It has grown up almost entirely dur- ing the last half century. In 1850 it was an in- significant village of about 3000 inhabitants. In 1895 its population was 94,025, and in 1900, 112,- 461. ROSARIO. A town of Luzon, Philippines, in the Province of Batangas. It lies about 12 miles northeast of Batangas and is connected by higli- wavs with all the larger places of the province (Map: Philippine Islands, F 6). Population, in 1896. 12,435. During the insurrection against the United States the town was completely de- stroyed bv the insurgents. ROSARY OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY (ML. rosarium, garland of roses, chaplet of beads, neu. sg. of Lat. rosarius, relating to roses, from rosa, rose). The name given to a very popular form of pra.ver in the Roman Cath- olic Cliurch. The name rosary has been variously traced either to the title "Mvstical Rose," one of the titles luider which the Blessed Virgin is ad- dressed in the litanv of Loreto (q.v. ), or to Saint Rosalia's wreath of roses, well known in sacred art, or to the beads being originallv made com- monly of rosewood. The origin of the devotion itself is popularly traced to Saint Dominic, but it is quite certain that its characteristic feature, the use of beads as a means of reckoning the number of repetition^ of a certain pra.ver, is of far great- er antiquity. (See Bead.) The same use of beads exists among the Mohammedans, but it