Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/315

* ROKIC FIGURES. 287 ROSA. eipitating vaIXlI■^?. «liich, by their action, cause an impression which /.'ives to the .surface a <lillcr- ent appearance. These roric figures are called by the Germans Haiiclihihirr, or breath figures. Hunt and others have ])roihK'ed similar elVects by heat. Gold, silver, and bnjiize eoins and medals were placed on a polished heated copper-plate. After cooling, the coins or other objects were re- moved and the plate exposi'd to the vapor of mercury. The parts which had lieen covered by gold and silver coins gave the most distinct im- pressions, the gold more than the silver. These phenomena are explained by the fact that there is a molecular cliange in the surface in con.se- quence of its having been fur some time exposed to different externa! circumstances. Consult Miiller-Puuillet, Lchrbuch der Physik (Bruns- wick. 188G). RORQUAL (either from Swed. riirhral. round- headed cachelot, from riir, Icel. reyrr, Goth, rans, OHG. ror, Ger. Rohr, reed + hvalr, leel. hidlr. OHG. mil-fisc, Ger. Walfisch, AS. hirml, Eng. tchale, or from Norw. reydhrhial, red whale, from Icel. rriupr, Goth, raiips. OHG. rot. Ger. rot, AS. j-eac/, Eng. red + h val. whale ) . A whale of the family BaliTnopteridie, which includes whalebone whales of large size, differing from the right whales in the comparatively small head, the presence of a dorsal fin. and the fact that the throat is deeply ridged and furrowed lengthwise. The baleen is short, ilany species of rorqual are known in various oceans, including the largest of known whales, such as Sibbald's, or tlie 'blue' whale, which reaches a length of So feet, the tin- ner, the humpback, and the California gray whale, all of which are elsewhere described. The northern rorqual or razorbaek (Balcenoptera iinisctilu.s) is a slate-gray, whitish beneath. It is found in the Arctic seas. It is not easily cap- tured; and whalers dislike it, because the Green- land whale is seldom found near it, while its own value is very inferior, owing to the comparative thinness of the blubber, and the shortness and in- ferior quality of the whalebone. It is, however, an important object of pursuit to the Laplanders and Greenlanders. This rorqual does not feed so exclusively on snmll prey as does the Greenland whale. Its gullet is much wider, and it preys much on fishes, the shoals of which it follows into bays and estuaries, devouring them in multi- tudes. Consult authorities cited under Whale. RO'RY O'MORE'. A novel by Samuel Lover (18.30). Kory. a racy Irish peasant, cares for a sick French officer about the last of the eighteenth century, and is intrusted with important dis- patches. On this errand he is involved in a fracas, and hurried off to France. He returns to find himself accused of murder, and is about to be hanged when his supposed victim appears. Lover also wrote a ballad on Rory O'More. ROSA, ro'za, C.vrl (1842-89). A German violinist and impresario, born at Hamburg. He studied in the conservatories of Leipzig and Paris; was concert-meister at Hamburg (ISG.S- 6.5). and on a tour of the United States in I8(i7 married Euphrosyne Parepa. the famous soprano. Together they formed an opera company, with JIadame Rosa as its prima donna, which gave a great number of successful performances botli in this country and in England. The Carl Rosa opera company was important principally for its cred- itable presentations of foreign operas in English. ROSA, Euw.MU) HKN.vfnT (18(il — ). An -Vmeriean jdiysicisl, born in Kogernville. N. V., and educated at Wesleyan L'niversily, where he graduated in 1880. and at .lohns Uiipkiiis. He was appointed professor of physics in Wesh^yan, made an especial study of ell>clrii-itv. and "was associated with Professor .Atwater o"f Wesleyan in experiments on the conservation of luiiiian energy in which a new and large form of re-pi ratory calorimeter was employeil. His publica- tions include The Speri/ic liiduclirt CuihicHi/ of Elcctroli/lex (18!)2) and Descriptiuiis of a im Respiratory Calorimeter (with Atwaler, 18ltll). ROSA, Salvatok ( ICl.5-73). An Italian paint- er, etcher, satirical poet, and inusii'al composer, the chief nuister of the Neapolitan School of Painting. He was bora near Naples, ■lune 20, ItUo, (he son of an architect. lie studied music and poetry, before taking up paint- ing under his uncle, Paolo Greco, and his brother- in-law, Fracanzano. a pupil of Kibera, whose school Salvalor afterwards also frccpiented to study figures. Before he was eighteen he wan- dered about sketching in the mountainous regions and along the shores of Soutli Italy, often falling in with the banditti, who appear so frecpiently in his pictures. Soon after his return to Naples the death of his father threw the support of the family upon his shoulders, and he giainted small pictures at low prices until they attractc<l the at- tention of Lanfranco. He now also won the friendship of Falcone, the "Oracle of Battles," under whose instruction Salvator learned to paint battle scenes. In 1035 he went to Rome and found a patnm in Cardinal Urancaccia. for whom he decorated his palace at Viterbo, returning thence to Naples. The favorable reception of his "Prometheus" (Palazzo Corsini) at Home in- duced him to repair once more (103!t| to the Eternal City, where he rapidly acquired fame as a poet, musician, and painter, and where his house became the gathering point of an a<lmiriiig circle of young scholars, artists, and Church digni- taries. The story of his partici))ation in the in- surrection of Masaniello at Naples in l(i47. and of his joining Falcone's "Coni])agnia ddla Morte," deserves little credence, although the fact of his presence in Naples at the time seems established. After another sojourn of four years in Rome, he incurred the enmity of the Inquisi- tion by two satirical pictures, "Human Frailty" and "Fortune," and accepted the invitation to the grand ducal Court at Florence, where he spent nine years, enjoying with other friendships that of Lorenzo Lipi)i, in whose pictures Salvalor painted the landscapes. He finally returned to Rome and remained there until his death. Maridi 1.5. 1073. The great and)ition of .Salvator Ro.sb was to excel as an historical painter, ami .some of his pictures, such as the "Conspiracy of Catiline" (Palazzo Pitti, Florence), ".Saul and the Witcli of Endor" (Louvre), the "Purgatory" (Brera, Milan), and ".Jonah Preaching at Nineveh" (Copenhagen Gallery), go far to justify hi> as- piration. But his chief power lay in painting landscapes, marine views, and battle scenes, an admirable example of the latter being in the Louvre. His genius for landscapes was solf- taught and original, preferring such subjects as the lonely haunts of wihl beasts and rolil)cr9, rocky precipices and gloomy caves; his trees are shattered or torn up by the roots and the at-