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* BOE. 219 ROEBUCK. very popular in the United States, many of them rojirinteil in Enghind, and some transhxted into Ciornian. Of these the chief are What Can She Dot (1873), Opaiimj of a Cltcslinit Burr (1874), From Jest to Earn- est (1875), Xear to Xalure's Heart (1870), .1 Knight of the Xiiictccnth Century (1877), A. Face Illumined (1878), J. Day of Fate (1880), His Somber Rivals (1883), A Young Girl's M'oo- ing (1884), An Original Belle (1885), Drivai Hack to Eden (1885), He Fell in Love icith His Wife (188G), The Earth Trembled (1887). He wrote also Success ivith Small Fruits (1880) and y<iture's Serial Story (1884). Consult E. P. Hoc, Keminiscences of His Life, bv his sister, Jlary A. Roe (New York, 1800). KOE, Francis Asbuht (1823-1901). An American naval officer, born in New York City. He graduated at the Naval Academy in 1848, in 1840 was dismissed from the service for disobedi- ence, but was reinstated in 1850, and .saw his first active service in 1854 against Chinese pirates. As executive officer he was on the Pcnsacola in its run down the Potomac in 1801, and he was with Farragut in 1802 and 1803. In 1804, com- manding the Sassacus, Roe fought a sliarp duel with the Albemarle and forced its retreat. Toward the close of the war he was on dut.v in the Great Lakes. He was sent on a special mis- sion to ^Mexico in 1867, received the surrender of Vera Cruz, and sliowed himself an able di]ilo- mat. He was promoted to the rank of rear-ad- miral in 1884, and retired in 1885. ROE,. Richard. See Doe, John. ROE, Sir Thom.s (c.1568-1644). An English diplomat, born at Low Lej-ton, Essex, and edu- cated at Magdalen College, Oxford. He studied in France besides, and lived at Court in Eliza- beth's last years. In 1610, five years after he was knighted. Prince Henry fitted him out for a voyage of discovery. Roe sailed up the Amazon and along the coast to the Orinoco, and made two more voyages in the 'Indies,' searching for gold. The East India Company sent him as am- bassador to the Mogul in 1015. His successful negotiations are described in his Journal, pub- lished in 1625. In 1021 he was sent to Con- stantinople, and then described the Ottoman Empire as 'irrecoverably sick.' His mission was successful, as was one undertaken in 1629 to mediate between Sweden and Poland, and another in 1638-41 at the Diet of Ratisbon. The Alexan- drian manuscript of the Greek Bible, now in the British IMuseum. and an Oriental collection pre- sented to the Bodleian Library, were brought to England by him. ROEBER, reljer, Friedrich (1819-1901). A CiJerman author, born in Elbcrfeld. He was a member of the Wupperthal group of poets in his youth. His Lyrische unci epische Qediehte (1878) met with great success, but he is better known as a dramatist, the author of Tristan mid Isolde (1854; revised 1885), Soj)hon.isbe (1884). Borsenringe (1891), and Antike Lustspirle (1892). His further works include Mnrionct- ten. a romance (2d ed. 1885), and Litteratur vnd Kun.'it im Wupperthal (1886). ROEBLING, re'bling. .John Augustus (1806- 69). An .merican engineer. He was born at Miihlhausen. Prussia, and studied civil engineer- ing at the Polytechnic School of Berlin. In 1831 Vol. sVu.— 15. he came to America and .settled near Pittsburg, Pa. Ue was made assistant engineer on the slack-water navigation of the Heaver Itiver. Af- ter similar engagements in oilier places, lie wan appointed to survey the routr aiToss the Alle- ghanies adopted by the Pennsylvania Ituilroud. He then hegan the manufacture of wire ropi-, and in 1844-45 replaced the wooden ai|uiMluet of the Pennsylvania Canal across the Allegheny River by a suspension aipieilnel. Afterwanls he constructed the Monongaliehi Nuspensiou bridge at Pittsburg, and from 1S48-50 four suspension atiueducls on the Delaware and Hudson Canal. He established liis works at Trenton, N. .1., and in 1S51 began the great sus- pension bridge over the Niagara Kiver. In 1807 he began the Cincinnati suspension liriilge, which has a clear sjian of 1057 feet. His last enter- ])rise was the bridge across the East River, con- necting Brooklyn and New York. The design* were completed and work had lieguii on the bridge when Mr. Roebling died from the result of an injury he had received while directing the const ruction. He ]niblislied Long and Short Span Bridges (1S69). See Bridge. ROEBLING, Washington Augustus (1837 — ). An American civil engineer, son of John A. Roebling. He was born at Saxonburg, near Pittsburg, Pa., graduated at Rensselaer Polytech- nic Institute, Troy, in 1857, worked under his father on flie Allegheny sus[)ension bridge, and at the beginning of the Civil War entered the Federal army as a private in the Sixth New V'ork Artillery. vSave for the first year of his enlist- ment, he was on staff duty. After the evacua- tion of Yorktown he built a 120-foot suspension bridge across the Rappahannock. In the second Bull Run camjiaign he Iniilt a liridge at Harper's Ferry across the Slienandoali Kiver. W'liili' re- connoitring from a balloon, he is said to have first discovered Lee's movement from Fredericks- burg toward Pennsylvania. On retiring from the army lie undertook the completion of the Cin- cinnati and Covington bri9 he succeeded to the complete charge of the cimstrnction of the great New S'ork and Brooklyn bridge. He considerably changed his father's plans, especially by increasing the size of the anchor plates. His devotion to the work and especially his almost continuous stay in the compressed-air caissons proved too much for an aiieady weakened constitution, and from 1873 to the completion of the bridge in 1883 he had to direct the work from his sick-room. After 1883 ho settled in Trenton, as head of the wire business estaldished by his father. ROEBUCK, John Arthur (1802-79). A British pcditician. He was born at Madras, India, and passed his vouth in Canada, where he was educated. In 1824 he went to England, studied law, and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1831. Twice member of Parlia- ment for Bath, in 1849 he was returned for Shcdleld, which he represented till 18ii8, and again from 1874 until his death. In 1835. when tile executive Government of Canada and the House of .•Vssemblv of Lower Canada were at variance, the latter' body api>ointed Roebuck thoir paid a"ent in England— a iiosition which in- volved him in a serious quarrel with the press. He warmlv supported the Earl of Beaconsfleld s