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* ROCHESTER. 204 BOCK. was dismissed in lt!S7, with a large pension. In KiS!) Rocliester was in ill favor with Mary owing to his support of the suggestion of a regency, but regained her favor by his later diplomacy, was readmitted to the Privy Council in 1G92, and in 1700 became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and practically Premier. After William's death Ainie's trust in him was undermined by the Marlboroughs, and he returned to power again only in 1710. Rochester edited his father's His- ton/ of the Great UeheUion (1702-04). ROCHESTER, Xatiia.niel (1752-1831). An American soldier and manufacturer, born in Westmoreland County, Va., whence he early re- moved to C4ranville County, N. C. Rochester was a member of the Committee of Safety in 1775, and of the Provincial Congresses in 1775 and 1776. During the Revolutionary War he super- intended the manufacture of arms at Hillsboro, and at its close removed first to Philadelphia and afterwards to Hagerstown, INId. In 1S02 with Carroll and Fitzhugh he bought the 'Hundred Acre Tract,' now in the centre of the city of Rochester. He removed to Dansville, N. Y., in 1810 and established a paper mill, and again re- moved to Bloomfield. In 1817 lie was secretary of a convention at Canandaigua to urge the completion of the Erie Canal. In 1818 he removed to the village of Rochesterville (the future Rochester), which had been named in his honor. He succeeded in securing the passage of the bill creating the new county of Monroe in 1821. Consult Rochester, Early His- torii of the Rochester Family in America (Buf- falo, 1SS2). ROCHESTER, University of. A collegiate institution at Rochester, N. Y., established in 1850 under Baptist auspices. Since 1000 women have been admitted as students. The work of the university is arranged in three courses — classical, philosophical, and scientifie — leading to the bache- lor's degree. In 1903 the students numbered 245 and the faculty 20. The campus and five build- ings with equipment, including a library of 38.595 volumes, were valued at $501,568; the college property was estimated at $1,357,263 ; the endowment was $765,000, and the income $51,009. ROCHE-SUR-YON, rosh'snr'yoN', La. The capital of the Uepartment of Vendee. France, picturesquely situated on a hill on the right bank of the Yon, 38 miles south of Nantes (Map: France. E 5). It was a village of 800 inhabi- tants when Napoleon I. selected it for the capital of the department and named it Napoleon- Vendue. Its feudal castle was dismantled by order of Louis XIII. Its ruins formed a quarry for the building of the modern town for which Napoleon I. decreed an appropriation of 3,000,000 francs. There are an equestrian statue to Napoleon I. and a museum containing some good paintings. Population, in 1900, 13,629. ROCHOW, roK'o, EEERHAEn vow (1734-1805). A German philanthropist and educational re- former, born in Berlin. His military career hav- ing been cut short in the earliest campaigns of the Seven Years' War by wounds in each hand, he devoted himself to popular education, and in 1773 built a school at Rekahn, and another at Krahne in 1799. In both he was greatly assisted by Bruns. Rochow favored State schools and compulsory attendance. His method, especially adapted for country schools, founded on a fairly correct idea of the growth of the mental faculties, and urging that only the actu- ally useful should be taught, was set forth in 1772 under the title Vcrsuch eines Schulbuehes fiir Kinder der Landletite, and the system was put into practice in his juvenile writings, of which Der Bauernfreund (1776) is best known. Rochow's correspondence was published by Jonas (Berlin, 1884) and selections from his works by Gansen (Paderborn, 1804). Consult Pohlisch, Die piida- gogischen Verdienstc des Domherrn von Roehoio (Zwickau, 1894). ROCK (AS. roee, OF. roc, roche, Fr. roclie, from ML. roea, roeca, rock ; probably from Ir., Gael, roc, Bret, roch, rock). A portion of the solid earth. Rocks are composed of mineral mat- ter, although some have an organic origin. In contrast with minerals they are more complex, being aggregates of minerals, nsuall.y, though not always, containing a number of different mineral species. This number may be ten or more, though in rare cases rocks represent a single min- eral ; and there are seldom more than two or three component minerals which are present in large quantity. Rocks Classified Genetically. As respects their origin rocks fall into three grand divisions, viz.: (1) Sedimentary, clastic, or aqueous rocks; (2) massive or igneous rocks; and (3) meta- morphic rocks. Of these divisions the first in- cludes the more diverse types and no single name has been found sufficiently comprehensive to include them all. The most abundant and widely distributed class within this division is that of the true sedimentary or clastic rocks, which are made up of sediment or detritus de- posited in water. If laid down upon the ocean bottom rocks of this class are described as marine, examples of which are mud-stones or shales (q.v.), and some limestones (q.v.) ; if de- posited along shore, littoral, of which conglom- erate (q.v.) and sandstone (q.v.) ai'e examples; and if deposited in lakes, lacustrine, or if in streams, fluvial He, as, for example, silt. Water in the form of ice has likewise been largely in- strumental in transporting and depositing rock materials such as gravel, sand, and clay. Again, water confined within the outer zone of the earth's crust through solution and subsequent deposition in crevices and other openings has produced the rocks known as veins (q.v.) or veinstones, which, though comparatively small in bulk, are yet of great importance as the re- pository of the valuable metals. These are the aqueous rocks in the restricted sense. In arid regions the wind has been an important agent in transporting rock material and producing de- posits which are designated a'olian accumulations (q.v.). Such a deposit is that of the loess (q.v.) of China. ^lassive or igneous rocks are the product of consolidation from cooling of a molten mass or magma. The consolidation may have occurred below the earth's surface either in subterranean reservoirs — batholites (q.v.), laccolites (q.v.), or bosses — producing rock masses more or less equally developed as respects their several dimensions; or the consolidation may have oc- curred within a fissure forming a comparatively thin rock wall bounded by plane surfaces — dike (q.v.). In either of the above cases the rock formed is said to be of intrusive origin. If the molten mass reached the surface of the earth