Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/221

* ROBSON. 199 ROCHAMBEAU. ivith W. H. Crane (q.v.) and the two established a partnership which lasted till 188!). They suc- cessfully revived several of Shakespeare's comedies, but their most popular production was Bronson Howard's play The Henrietta (1888- 80). After parting with Crane, Robson starred in The Henrietta, <S'/ie Stoops to Conquer, The Meddler, and other pieces. He died April 2"J, 1003. Consult: JlcKay and Wingate, I'atiiniis American Actors of To-Day (New York, 1890) ; Strang, Famous Actors of the Day in America (Boston, 1900). ROBXJSTI, ro-biis'te, Jacopo. See Tinto- retto. RO 'BY, Henry John (1830—). An English educator, born at Tamworth. He was educated at Bridgworth, and Saint .John's College, Cam- bridge, where after his graduation he was tutcu' and lecturer from 1853 until 18(51. There he published Remarls on Coller/e Reform (1858). Afterwards he was master at Dulwieh College for four years, and from 1800 until 18ti8 he was jirofessor of jurisprudence at University College, London. In 1890-95 he was a member of Par- liament from Eccles. His works include a Gram- mar of Latin Lan(iiiage{lS7l-~i)and an Introduc- tion to Justinian's Digest ( 1884), a very valuable work. ROC (Ar. rukhkh, from Pers. rukh., hero, rhinoceros, roc). A marvelous bird of Arabic legend. It was so large that it could easily carry oft' elephants, and Sindbad the Sailor records his coming upon the egg of the bird, measuring 50 paces in circumference. The home of the mon- ster was localized in Madagascar, and this gives a clue to one of the roots of the tradition. That island was the home of a large prehistoric bird (the ^Epyornis, q.v. ), of W'hich fossil eggs have been discovered, measuring 13 inches in length. In the Babylonian mythology the storm-god Zu was represented in the form of a bird, the idea arising from the bird-like masses of cloiuls gath- ering at the storm. Like traditions of such a cosmical bird are to be found in Indian, East Indian. Persian, and Egj'ptian mythology. Con- sult: Yule's notes to his Mareo Polo (London, 1871) ; and Lane's Arabian ^~i'ihts (ib., 1838- 40). RO'CA, Julio A. (1843—). A South Ameri- can statesman. President of Argentina. He was born at Tucuman. In 1880 he was elected to the Presidency by the Federalist Party, but had to terrorize Buenos Ayres and Corrientes before he could enter on bis administration, in which the currency was debased and the national debt greatly increased. He was succeeded by his brother-in-law, Juarez Celman (q.v.), in 1886, who was soon dis])laced by Pellegrini, and under this reformer Roca held a Cabinet post. In 1895 he became Vice-President and at the next election was chosen President for the terra 1898-1904. ROCAMBOLE { Allium seorodoi>rasum). A North European plant closely related to. larger than, and resembling garlic in habit, like which it is sometimes cultivated and used. ROCH, rok, S.INT (c.l295-c.l327). A popu- lar saint of the French Church, the patron of those sick of the plague, and specially honored by physicians and hospitals. He was born of noble family at Montpellier. He undertook a pilgrimage to Rome at a time when pestilence was raging in Italy and devotml himself to Iho care of the sick in dillcrcnt plaei^s. At Pincen/ji he was himself smitti'ii and dragged himself to u neighboring forest, when' a ilog is said to have brought him food daily till his recovery, lb' re- turned to Montpellier, where he was thrown into prison as a sjn-, and died about 1327. Ills day is- August li;fh. ROCHAMBEAU, ro'shii.N'bA', Ji;. B.msTE Don ATIEN i)E ViMELR, Count do (17251H07). A French soldier, born July 1, 1725. at 'end<">Mie, where his father, a general in the French Army, was Governor. He was educated for the Church at Blois, but in 1742 became a cornet in the army. He distinguished himself in the War of the Austrian Succession, and at its close had at- tained the rank of colonel. In 1749 he succeeded his father as (iovernor of X'endome. He com- manded his regiment in the Minorca Expedition of 175, distinguished himself in the capture of Port Mahon, was promoted to the rank of brig- adier-general, and served with creilit in the cam- paigns of the Seven Years' War in (iermany. In 1769 he became inspector-general of the French Army and in 1780 lieutenant-general. In the latter year he was sent at the head of (iOOO French regulars to cooperate with Washington against the English in America, and landed at Newport on July 10th. The French lleet vmder De Ternay. which had accompanied Hochambeau's army, was soon afterwards blockaded in Xarra- gansett Bay, and Rochambcau, unwilling to aban- don De Ternay, was kept inactive in Rhode Isl- and for an entire year. Roehambeau's forces left Rhode Island in July. 1781. marched across C<m- necticut, and joined Washington on the Hudson, On August 19th the coml)ined forces began their famous southward march to Yorktown, where they joined Lafayette's little army by September 18th. On October 19th Cornwallis was forced to surrender. During the entire camjiaign Rocham- beau placed himself wholly under Washington's command, and, according to his instructions, acted as though bis troops were simply a part of the American army. In recognition of their services Congress voted the thanks of the nation to Rochambcau and his troops. Returning to France early in 1783, Rochambcau was appointed Governor of Picardy and Artois, and in 1791 was made a marshal. He was in .symiiathy with the Revolutionary movement in France at the out- set, and for a time was commander of the Northern Army, but the excesses of the Revo- lutionary leaders caused him to retire in dis- gust in July. 1792. He was imprisoned dur- ing the Reign of Terror, and only eseajied the guillotine by the fall of Robespierre in 1794. Subsequently he was released and was restored bv Napoleon to his rank and estates. He died at Thove, May 10, 1807. He published M^moires militaires, historiijues et politiques de- Rochambcau (Paris, 1809). A part of the first volume, translated into English by M. W, E. Wright, was published under the title Memoirs of the Marshal Count de Rochambcau Relative to the War of Independence of the United States (1838). Roehambeau's correspondence from his arrival at Newport to the close of the Virginia campaign has been printed in Daniel. Histoire dc la participation de la France d I'etablisscmcnt des Etnts Vnis d'AmMqitc. vol. v. (Paris. 1892). A brief anonymous work entitled Journal