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* BOBINSON. 198 ROBSON. possession. Among the best known arc: "A Bridge," "In the Sunlifiht" (1892). Grand Union Hotel. New York : "Washing Day," "On the Tow- Path," and "Afternoon Shadows'" (1894) ; "West River Valley," and "October AJEternoon," ex- hibited at the National Academy (1896). Eob- inson died in New York City, April 2, 1890. ROBINSON, TnERE.SE Albertine Luise (pen- name Talvi, composed from the initials of her maiden name) (1797-1870). A cosmopolitan an- tlioress, daughter of Prof. Ludwig H. von Jakob. She was born at Halle. Germany, lived for a time ■with her father in P.ussia : married (1828) Prof. Edward Piobinson (q.v. ). the American biblical scholar : accompanied him to the United States, where she studied the languages of the aborigines. Mrs. Robinson wrote extensively both in English and in German. Among her publications are German translations (under the signature Ernest Berthold) of Scott's Black Dwarf and Old Mor- taliti/ (1822) : Psi/rhc. a volume of tales (1824) ; a German translation of Servian folk-songs (1825-2fi); Clutral-tcristik der Volkslieder ger- »HO)iisc/ipr Naiioiieii, (1840) ; Die Unechtheit der Lieder Ossians (1840) ; Die Colonisation vonNeu- Englaiid (1847); tales in German — Heloisc, Life's Discipline, and The Exiles, translated into English by her daughter (1850-53) ; a volume of reviews, entitled Historical View of the Lan- guages and Literature of the Slavic Nations (1850) ; Fifteen Years, a Picture of the Last Century (1870). Her Gesaminelte 'Novellen ap- peared in two volumes in 1874. ROBINSON, William CALLTHA^- (1834—). An American lawyer and educator, born in Nor- wich, Conn. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1854, and at the General Theological Seminary, New Y'ork City, in 1857, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. For some time he was lecturer and professor of law- in Y'ale University. In 1895 he was elected dean of the law schools of the Catho- lic University of America, Washington, D. C. While practicing law in New Haven he had been judge of the City Court (1869-71), judge of the Court of Common Pleas (1874-76), and a mem- ber of the Legislature of Connecticut. His works include: Elementary Law (1882), a widely used text-book: Law of Patents (1890) ; and Elements of American Jurisprudence (1900). ROBINSON, William Erigena (1814-92). An Irish-American journalist and politician, born in Unagh, County Tyrone, Ireland. After ob- taining a classical education, he emigrated to the United States. He graduated at Yale in 1841, then became associate editor of the New Y^ork Tribune, and from 1844 to 1848 was its Wash- ington correspondent, writing under the nom-de- plunie of "Richelieu.' He subsei|uently edited sev- eral other papers, and from 1854 to 1802 prac- ticed law in New Y'ork. In the latter year Presi- dent Lincoln appointed him assessor of internal revenue for the Third New York District, and after holding this office for four years, he was in 1806 elected to Congress, where by his determined advocacy he secured the passage in 1868 of a bill protecting abroad the rights of naturalized as well as native-born citizens. Previous to this (1847) he had taken an important part in or- ganizing a movement for the relief of Ireland, during the great Irish famine, and had secured the passage of the bill sending the United States warsiiip Macedonian with provisions to his native land. He was reelected to Congress in 1880 and 1SS2. ROBINSON CRUSOE. A romance by Daniel Defoe (1719), founded on the actual adventures of Alexander Selkirk during his four years' resi- dence in the island of Juan Fernandez. It is one of the most famous and at the same time most plausible of all stories of adventure, has been translated into several languages, and has enjoyed an undiminished popularity. For special study, the reprint edited by Austin Dobson (Lon- don, 1883), with a bibliography, may be men- tioned. ROB ROY. The popular name of Robert JIacGregor or Campbell (1071-1734), a cele- brated Scottish outlaw. He was born in Bu- chanan Parish. Stirlingshire, and was the second son of Donald ^SlacGregor of Glengyle, by a daughter of Campbell of Glenneaves. In Gaelic, the name Roy signifies red, and was applied to him from his ruddy complexion and color of hair. Rob Roy assumed the maternal name of Campbell in consecjuence of the outlawry of the clan MacGregor by the Scottish Parliament. He received a fair education and in his youth was distinguished for his skill in the use of the broad- sword, in which the uncommon length of his arms was of much advantage. Like many of the High- land proprietors of the period, he was engaged in grazing and rearing black cattle for the English market, but his herds were so often stolen by raiders that, to protect himself, he maintained a party of armed men, also protecting his neighliors' flocks, in return for which he levied a tax which went under the name of 'black mail.' By mar- riage he acquired the estates of Craig Royston and Inversnaid, near the head of Loch Lomond. In consequence of losses incurred in unsuccess- ful speculations in cattle, for which he had bor- rowed money from the Duke of ilontrose, his estates were seized by the Duke. Rendered des- perate by his misfortunes, Rob Roy collected a band of about 20 followers, and made open war upon the Duke, sweeping away all the cattle of a district, and intercepting the rents of his tenants notwithstanding the vicinity of the gar- risons of Stirling, Dumbarton, and Glasgow. His exploits have been immortalized by Sir Walter Scott in his novel Rob Roy, written in 1817. In 1722 he submitted to the authorities, and was imprisoned in Newgate, and in 1727 was sen- tenced to transportation to Barbadoes, but was reprieved. He retired to Balquhidder, where he died. ROB'SART, Amy. A character in Scott's Eenil north, secretly married to the Earl of Leicester. All was about to be revealed to Eliza- beth during the revels at Kenilworth, when Amy was lured back to Cumnor Place, by Varney, the Earl's accomplice, and was killed by falling through a trap-door. ROB'SON, Stuart (1836-1903). An Ameri- can comedian. He was born at Annapolis, Md., his real name being Robson Stuart. He made his dfbut at the Baltimore Museum in 1852, but though his part then was serious, his voice and manner unintentionally made it laughable, and he wisely determined to devote himself to comedy, in which he quickly met with success. His Cap- tain Crosstree in the burlesque of Black-Eyed Susan is one of his best-remembered characters. In 1877 he made a hit in Our Boarding House