Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/194

* BIVIERE. 174 RIZAL. He has been called tlic greatest English animal painter since Landsecr. KIVlfiRE DTJ LOUP> r^'vvAr' du liJo (EN BAS). A town in Canada. See Frasebville. RIVlfiRE DU LOUP (EN Havt). A (own in Canada. See l.in isevii.i.e. RIVIERES DU SUD, du svid. A French colonial possession in Africa. See French Guinea. RIV'INGTON, James (c.1724-1802). A noted Tory journalist of New York in the Revolu- tion. Rivington early acquired wealth as a book- seller in his birthplace, London, lost it at New- market, emigrated to Philadelphia (1700), and thence to New York (1761), where he had a bookshop in Wall Street. In 1773 he began to publish The yew York Gazetteer, or the Con- necticut, New Jersey, Hudson Rircr, and Quebec Weekly Advertiser, bitterly attacking the Revolu- tionary movement and its leaders till Captain Isaac Sears, of the Sons of Liberty, came (1775) from Connecticut to New Y'ork with 75 horsemen, destroyed Rivington's press, and cast his type into bullets. After a Congressional investigation Rivington was permitted to return to his house, but he thought it wise to visit England, where he was appointed King'.s printer for New York, and returned thither in 1777 to publish Riving- ton's Seic York Loyal Gazette, a title presently changed to Royal Gazette. About 1781 Rivington turned spy for Washington, and on the evacua- tion of New Y'ork changed the title of his paper to Rivington's Xeir York Gazette and Univers/tl Advertiser, but he had lost public confidence. His paper ceased to exist in 1783 and his declining years were passed in obscure poverty. RIVOLI, re'v6-le. A village in Italy, in the Province of Verona, on the river Etsch, 13 miles northwest of Verona, noted as the scene of a vic- tory gained by Napoleon over the Austrians under Alvinczy. January 14-15, 1797. His services in the Ijattle gave Massena (q.v.) the title of Duke of Rivoli (1807). RIVOLI, re'vo'le', Rue de. One of the most noted streets of Paris, running from the Place de la Concorde to the Rue Saint Antoine. The west- ern end of the street contains many of the most attractive shops of the city, and is lined on the north side with arcades for several blocks, facing the Louvre and the Tiiileries Gardens. It was begun in 1802, was completed in 1865 at a large cost, and received its name in honor of Napoleon's victory at Rivoli in 1707. RIX, Julian Walbridge (1850—). An American landscape painter, born at Peacham, Vt, He began to paint landscapes in 1875, and was self-taught, studying directly from nature. His subjects are chosen from all parts of Amer- ica and his treatment has in every case been remarkable for variety. No two paintings from his brush represent the same viewpoint, and he is noticeably free from mannerism. One of his most characteristic pictures is "St. John Harbor" (1903), a marine, which shows fine cloud and sky effects. Other works, all in private collec- tions in Baltimore. New Y'ork, Rochester, and South Bethlehem. Pa., include. "Sunset. Califor- nia Coast," "High Tide. Coast of Maine," "The Woodland Spring, Mike Marr's Camp. Moosehead, Maine," "Breezy Afternoon," "Solitude," "Old Oaks." "Twin Oaks," '"Noonday," and "A Breezy Day." RIYAD, re-iid'. A town of Arabia. See Riai). RIZAL, lethal'. A province of Central Luzon, Philip])ine Islands (Map: Luzon, ¥ 8). It was formed in 1901 by the consolidation of the former provinces of Jlanila and Morong (the city of Manila being excluded as a separate munici- pality), and lies north of Laguna de Bay and east of Manila Bay. Its area is 1048 square miles. The northern part is mountainous and covered with forests ; the southern portions are low and alluvial, and subject to destructive floods from the Laguna. The province is trav- ersed by the Pflsig River. The chief agricultural product is the betel, but rice, sugar, corn, and tobacco are also raised. The estimated popula- tion in 1901 was 246,940, almost wholly TagSlog. The capital is PSsig (q.v.). RIZAL, Josfi (1861-96). A Filipino p.atriot and writer. He was born at the pueblo of Ca- lamba. Province of Laguna, Luzon, of Tagalog parentage ; studied imder the Jesuits at Ma- nila ; went to Madrid in 1882 for the purpose of studying medicine ; received the degree of doc- tor of medicine and philosophy at the university there, and subsequently studied in Paris, Heidel- berg, Leipzig, and Berlin, devoting his attention particularly to surgery, ethnology, linguistics, and philology. He acquired a more or less extensive knowledge of seven languages, became markedly proficient in optical surgery, and made a careful study of the history, institutions, and customs of various European countries. He early came to realize the disadvantages under which his race labored in the Philippines and the oppression to which it was subjected, and in 1886 published, in Spanish, a novel. Noli me Tangcre, in which he exposed and denounced the Spanish administra- tion of the islands and in particular gave a start- ling picture of the alleged bigotry, rapacity, and cruelty of the religious Orders. This book aroused the animosity of the Spanish officials, by whom Rizal was virtually forced to leave the islands within a few months after his return in 1887. Rizal then spent some time in .Japan, Lon- don, and on the Continent of Europe, and in 1891 published El "filibusterismo, a sequel to Noli me Tangere. Besides endeavoring to further the cause of his people by his writings, he was in- strumental in organizing the "Liga Filijiina," which has for its object the expulsion of the friars, the securing of the liberty of association and of the liberty of the press, and the obtaining of political concessions similar to those which have been granted to Cuba. The Government in Luzon had rigidly prohibited the circulation of any of Rizal's writings, but in 1892 he ventured to return to Manila under a vir- tual promise from the Governor-General that he should be allowed to live there in safety. Upon his arrival, however, he was almost imme- diately arrested, was nominally convicted of hav- ing helped to organize the secret and rcvohition- ary society known as the Katipinian, and was banished to Dapitan, Mindanao. In 1896 he vol- unteered to act as a physician in Cuba, where a violent epidemic of yellow fever was raging; but was seized while on bis way, was brought back to Manila, and there, after a mock trial, was shot, December 30, 1896, as a traitor. His in-