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* KISTIC. 164 KITCHIE. Alinistor of Foreign Aliaiis, and when Michael Ob- lonovitch was assassinated he was the envoy sent from the provisional Government at Belgrade to bring Prince Jlilan from Paris. From 1868 to 1872, during the minority of Prince Jlilan, he was a member of the council of regency. In 1872- 73 he was Premier and Jlinister of Foreign Af- fairs. He held the same olKces in 1875 and 1876- 80 as leader of the Liberals in alliance with the radical Nationalists. In this capacity he guided the national policy during the wars with Turkey in 1870 and 1877-78, the ultimate result of which was that Scrvia secured absolute inde- pendence and added territory. He went out of office in 1880, but remained the leader of the Liberal party in the national Parliament and was an active supporter of a Pro-Russian policy. In 1887-88 he was once more Premier. Pistil was at the head of the regency from King Milan's abdication (1880) to King Alexander's assump- tion of power (1893). He died in Belgrade, September 4, 1899. He was the author of sev- eral works on the foreign policy of Servia. RISTORI, re-stc/rj, Adelaide (1822-). A celebrated Italian tragic actress. She was born at Cividale, where her parents were strolling players. At the age of fourteen she was playing in Francesco da Rimini, and in a few years she became the leading Italian actress, a universal favorite because of her beauty and grace as well as her talents. Her marriage in 1847 with the Marquis C'apranica del (irillo (who died in 1861) temporarily interrupted her dramatic career; but after two years she returned to the stage, and appeared at Rome in Alfieri's tragedy of Uyrrha. The French attack on the city caused her for a time to desert the theatre for the hospital, where she employed herself assiduously in nursing the wounded. After having acted for several years at Rome and Turin with immense success, she presented herself befsre a French audience in 1855, when Rachel was in the height of her fame, a proceeding considered as a challenge by the first Italian actress to the first French actress. Even in Paris she obtained a triumph, notably in Legouvfi's Medea, which had been rejected by Rachel. Two of her other great roles were Schil- ler's Jlary Stuart and Giacometti's Elizabeth. In London, in 1856. she met with great success as Ladv Macbeth. She visited the United States in 1866. 1875, and 1884-85. Consult her auto- biography, Ricordi e stud) artistici (Turin, 1887 ; Eng. trans., fifiidies and Memoirs, a Biog- raphy, Boston, 1888) ; Boutet, A Ristori (Rome, 1899. RITARDANDO, re'tfir-dan'do. A term in mu'iic, indioating that the passage to which it applies is to be played slower and slower, with a steady retard. RITCHIE, richl, Alexander Hat (1822-95). An American engraver and painter, born in Glas- gow, Scotland. He was a pupil of Sir William Allen at the Royal Institution. Edinburgh, and came to the United States in 1841. He worked both as a painter and as an engraver in Canada for a short time, and then settled in New York City, where he was elected to the National Acad- emy in 1871. His mezzotint engravings are particularly well known. They include plates after Huntingdon's "Lady Washington's Recep- tion Day" and Darley's '"On the March to the Sea." His oil paintings include "Mercy Knock- ing at the Gate" (1800) ; "Fitting Out Moses for the Fair" (18C2), and several portraits. RITCHIE, Anna Cora Mowatt (1819-70). An American actress. She was the daughter of S. G. Ogden, of New York, but was born at Bordeaux, France. She was married at fifteen years of age to James Mowatt, a New York lawyer. After appearing in private theatricals, then in public readings, she studied for the stage and made her debut in Tlw Lady of Lyons at the Park Theatre in 1845. Later she toured with E. L. Davenport in the United States and went w ith him to England, where she appeared in 1847 in Manchester, then in London., and became lead- ing lady at the Marylebone Theatre, acting with him through nian.v engagements. Her husband having died abroad, she returned to America, and in 1853 retired from the stage. In 1854 she mar- ried W. F. Ritchie, editor of the Richmond Ex- aminer. He died in 1868, and she thenceforth resided in England and corresponded for Ameri- can newspapers. She was the author of several pla.ys, among them Fashion (produced in 1845) and Armand (1847), and a number of novels, of which may be mentioned The Fortune- Teller (1842), Erelyn, or a Heart Unmasqued (1845), and Fairy Fingers (1865). Consult also her Autobiography of An Actress (Boston, 1854). RITCHIE, Anne Isabella (1838—). An English author, the eldest daughter of Thack- erav. She was born in London, and was educated in Paris. She married her cousin, Richmond Ritchie, in 1877. Her works consist of novels and critical studies, written in a graceful, lucid style, which show skill in character drawing, and which are full of discriminating touches and keen observation. They include The Story of Elizabeth (1863), The Tillage on the Cliff' (1805), and a notable edition of the works of Thackeray (1898). RITCHIE, Charles Thomson (1838—). An Englisli statesman, born in Dundee. He became a w-ell-known merchant in London, from 1874 to 1885 sat in Parliament for the Tower Hamlets as a Conservative, and from 1885 to 1892 for Saint George's-in-the-East. In 1885-86 he was secre- tary to the Admiralty, in 1886-92 president of the Local Government Board, in which capacity lie accomplished important reforms in provincial administration, and in 1895-1900 was president of the Board of Trade. He became Secretaiy of State for the Home Department in 1900. and, in 1902, Cliancellor of the Exchequer, which office he resigned in 1903. In 1895 he was elected member for Croydon. RITCHIE, DavidGeorge ( 1853- 1903 ). A Scotch pliilosopher. born at .Jedburgh, and educated at Edinburgh University (1869-74) and at Balliol College. Oxford (1874-78). He was fellow of .Jesus College from 1878 to 1894, being tutor at that college from 1881 and at Balliol from 1882 to 1886, and in 1894 became professor of logic and metaphysics at Saint Andrews. For the year 1898- 99 he was president of the Aristiitelian Society. Ritcliie contributed several articles on Greek philosophy to Chambers's E'ncyclopwdia and on various subjects to Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy; edited Early Letters of Jane Welsh Cnrlyle (1889): and published Daninn- ism. and Politics (1889), Principles of State In- terference (1891), Darwin and Hegel (1893).