Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/182

* RIPLEY. 1(J2 BIPPERDA. RIPLEY, James Wolfk (1704-1870). An Aiiu'iicaii soldier, l)orn in Windham County, Connecticut. He giiuluiited at West Point in 1814. was commissioned second lieutenant of ar- tillery, and was assif,'ned to duty on the northern frontier, where lu' t(Jok part in the defense of fSackett's llarlwr. Jn 1817-18 he served under Jackson during the Seminole War and the in- vasion of l''lorida. and in 1832-33 commanded the tiovernnient forces in Charleston Harbor, at the time of the XuUitieation movement in South Carolina. In 1832 he was promoted to be cap- tain and in 1838 to be major of ordnance. In 1848 he was raised to the raid< of brevet lieutenant- colonel. In lSo4 he was transferred to the Water- town Arsenal, and in llstil. after being assigned to various other <luties, he was commissioned brig- adier-general and appointed chief of ordnance of the United States Army. A.s the Federal forces had then no heavy rifled cannon, he imme- diate!}' ordered the conversion of old smooth- bores and the manufacture of Parrott guns. In 1803 he was retired from active service, and was appointed inspector of fortifications on the New England coast, a position which he continued to fill until witliin a year of his death. At the close of the Civil War in 1865 he was brevetted major- general in the Regular Army "for long and faith- ful services.' RIPLEY, William Zebixa (18G7— ). An American economist and sociologist, born at Med- ford, Mass. He studied civil engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but then devoted himself to economics, studying that branch for two years at Columbia, where in 1893 he became lecturer in sociolog.v. In 1895 he was named professor of economics and of sociolog>' in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology'. His publications include .1 Finaiicidl Uislon/ of Virginia, 1600-1776 (1893) and the Lowell' Lec- tures, A'ocps of Europe (1900). He was vice- president of the American Economic Association in 1898 and in 1900-01, and in the last year was made special agent on transportation to the United States Industrial Commission. RIPON, rip'on. An ejiiscopal city in the West Riding of Yorkshire. England, 22 miles northwest of York (Map: England, E 2). The market- place is spacious, and has in its centre an obelisk 90 feet high. The cathedral, the oldest part of which dates "l^rom tlie twelfth century, is cruciform, measures 270 by 87 feet, and is sur- mounted by two uniform towers, and also by a central tower. The Saxon crypt dates from the seventh century. Trinity Church is a fine cruci- form edifice in early English. The principal in- dustries are machine-making, tanning, malting, and brass and iron founding. There are also several flour-mills and varnish factories. Ripon was formerly noted for its woolen manu- factures, and for the 'true steel of Ripon rowels' or spurs. The place received the name of Inhrypum from a monastery established in 660: in 678 it was created a see. It suffered from the Danes, Normans, and Scots, and during the Civil War was occupied by the Parliamen- tarians, but was retaken by the Rovalists in 1643. Population, in 1901, 8225. RIPON. A city in Fond du Lac County, Wis- consin, 22 miles west by north of Fond du Lac, on the Chicago and Northwestern and the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul railroads. It is the seat of Ripon College, opened in 1853, and has a public librar.v. The centre of a productive re- gion, Ripon has flouring mills, grain elevators, creameries, a wood-working factory, wagon and buggy works, knitting mills, pickling works, and glove and mitten manufactories. Ripon was seU tied in 1S44 and incorporated in 1858. Popula- tion, in 1900, 3818. Consult Mapes, History of the City of liipon (Milwaukee, 1873). RIPON, Fhedehick .John Robi.-^son, Earl of (1782-1H59). An English statesman. He was born in London, the son of Baron tJrantham, and was educated at Harrow and at Saint John's Col- lege, Cambridge. He became private secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Hardwicke, and in 1806 was elected to the House of Com- mons. He became a Lord of Admiralty in 1810, and Privy Councilor in 1812. In the latter year he became vice-president of the Board of Trade. In 1823 he was made Chancellor of the Ex- chequer and in that office carried through many important financial reforms. In 1827 he was promoted to the House of Lords with the title of Viscoimt Goderich, and in the same year, after having been for a short time Secretary of State for the Colonies, lis was called to form a Cab- inet. His administration was feeble, and in June of 1828 he retired. He served in Lord Grey's Cabinet (1830-34) as Secretary of State for the Colonies, .and was an advocate of the second Reform Bill. He Ijecame Lord Privy Seal in 1833 and was created Earl of Ripon. In 1834 he hastened the fall of the Cabinet by his resigna- tion, and he continually attacked the financial policy of the Melbourne Cabinet. In 1841 he was made president of the Board of Trade and in 1843 became president of the Board of Control of Indian affairs, from which he retired in 1846. His son, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, First Marquis of Ripon (1827 — ), was born in London ; served in the diplomatic corps ; entered the House of Conunons as Viscount Goderich in 1852; became LInder Secretary for War in 1859 and Secretary in 1863; was made Secretary of State for India in 1866, and was Lord President of the Council from 1868 to 1873. In 1871 he was chairman of the joint committee on the Treaty of Washington. From 1880 to 1884 he was Vice- roy of Indiii, and made himself very unpopular among the English and greatly loved by the natives because of his favoritism for things Hindu. He was Secretary for Colonies from 1892 to 1895. RIPON COLLEGE. A coeducational, imde- nominational institution at Ripon, Wis., founded in 1851 as Brockway College and opened in 1853. The present name was assumed in 1863. It was founded by the Winnebago Convention of Presby- terian and Congregational Churches. This Con- vention relinquished control, .giving it into the care of an independent board of trustees in 1868. The larger part of the institution is the college proper, in which the B. A. degree is given on completion of four years' work in any of a number of groups of studies. There is also a preparatory school and a conservatory of music and art. The college has a library of 11,000 vol- umes, an endowment of .$212,000, an income of .$20,000, and six buildings valued, with the grounds, at $150,000. RIPPERDA, rep-per'da, .John William, Baron, later Duke of (1680-1737). A political