Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/180

* KIOJA. 160 moT. ' Rioja contains copiwr, sulphur, silver, gypsum, sail, graphite, and coal, tlie mineral most exploit- ed being copiJer. The population in 1895 was O!).- 502. The capital is La Rioja, situated at the foot of Mount Bclasco. and connected by rail with Catjiniarca and the southeastern provinces. It contains a college and a normal school, and had a population in 1895 of 6G27. BIOJA, Francisco de (c. 1,584- 1659). A Spanish poet, born in Seville. He distinguished himself as a classical scholar at the univer- sity of his native town, and afterwards took orders and became canon in the Seville Cathedral. The Count of Olivarez, a friend of Rioja, called him to Madrid about 1614, and he re- mained at the Court some time. After the death of Philip III. he returned again and was made royal librarian and chronicler by Olivarez, whom lie afterwards followed into exile (1643). His last years weie spent in Seville and Madrid, where he was a member of the Inquisi- tion. The best edition of his works is that of Barrera, who published the I'ocsias { 1867 ), and Adiciones a las poesias de D. Francisco de Rioja (1872). BIOM, r*-oN'. The capital of an arrondisse- ment in the Department of Puy-de-Dome, France, picturesquely situated on a hill. 9 miles north of Clermont-Ferrand (ilap: France, K 6). It is built of dark lava, and its domestic architecture of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and of the Renaissance period, and its churches. Saint Amable dating from the eleventh century, Notre- Dame-du-Marthuret from the fifteenth century, and the fourteenth-century Sainte-Chapelle, are of especial interest. Linen, leather, and brandy are manufactured. Riom was the capital of Au- vergne during the fourteenth centurv. Popula- tion, in 1001, 11,061. BION. A river of Caucasus, Russia, rising in the (iovernment of Kutais. It flows in a western direction, passes Kutais, and enters the Black Sea at Poti. Total length, about 200 miles. It is navigable for 50 miles. The Rion is the ancient Phasis. mo NEGRO, re'6 na'gr6 (Sp.. black river). The largest north tributary of the Amazon. Its upper course is generally considered to be the Guainia, which rises in the southeastern part of Colombia and flows east to the Venezuelan bound- ary, then southeast into Brazil (Map: Brazil, E 4 ) . Here it is joined by the L^apes, which rises on the eastern Cordillera of the Andes in the cen- tral part of Colombia, and flows in an east-south- east direction imtil it joins the Amazon through a great inland estuary 50 miles above the mouth of the Madeira. The largest tributary is the Rio Blanco or White River, which rises on the border of Guiana and flows south to the main stream. In Venezuela the Guainia receives the Cassiquiare, an arm sent out by the Ori- noco. The total length of the Rio Negro with the Uapes is about 1400 miles. The whole river system flows through a vast forest region which is but little explored. The upper courses are navigable for long distances. At its mouth in the Amazon it is 1% miles wide, and 100 feet deep at low water, so that ocean steamers can at all times go .directly to Manaos, the great out- let for the rubber collected along the banks. Con- sult Wallace, Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro (London, 1889). BIO NEGBO. A river of Argentina, forming the conventional northern boundary of Patagoni.a (Map: Argentina, E 12). It is formed by two headstreams, the Limay and the Ncuquen. both of which rise on the eastern slope of the Andes. It flows southeast into the Atlantic Ocean, and its length up to Lake Nahuel-Huapi (q.v.) is about 600 miles, through nearly the whole of which distance it is navigable, though there arc dangerous reefs in several places. On its lower course there are several settlements, chief of which is Vie<lma. BIO NEGBO. A territory of Argentina, in Patagonia, bounded by the Territory of Pampa on the north. Chile and the Territory of Ncuquen on the west, the Territory of Chubut on the .south, and the Province of Buenos Ayres and the Atlan- tic Ocean on the east (Map: Argentina, D 12). Its area is estimated at 75.92-1 square miles. The southwestern portion belongs to the region of the Andes, while the remainder is occupied by a plateau. The chief rivers are the Rio Negro and its tributary the Limay, and there are also a number of lakes. A very small portion of the territory is cultivated ; the raising of sheep, cat- tle, and horses is the leading industry. Popula- tion, in 1895, 9241. Chief town, Viedma. BIOBDAN, ri'or-dan or rer'dan, Patrick WiLLUM (1841 — ). A prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born at Chatham, New Brunswick. He studied at Notre Dame, Ind., and at Paris and Louvain, Belgium, in which latter country he was ordained priest in 1865. Return- ing to America, he became one of the faculty of the Theological Seminary of Saint Mary's of the Lake, Chicago, as professor of ecclesiastical his- tory and canon law. Somewhat later he gave in- struction in dogm.atie theology. He was pastor at Woodstock, 111., in 1868, and the same year removed to .Toliet, 111., where he remained until 1871, when he assumed the rectorship of Saint James's Church, Chicago. In 1883 he was ap- pointed titular Bishop of Cabasa and coadjutor with the right of succession to the See of San Francisco. The following year the Archbisliop, Joseph .S. Alemany, resigned, and Monsignor Rior- dan became Archbishop. BIOT (OF. riot, ryot, riote, riotte, Fr. riotte. It. riotta, riot: of unknown etymology). A form of criminal otfense against the public peace, con- sisting in the assembly of three or more persons with intent mutually to assist each other against any one who shall oppose them in the execution of some enterprise of a private nature, and after- wards actually executing the same in a violent and turbulent manner to the terror of the peo- ple, whether the act intended were itself law-ful or unlawful. (Hawkins, Pleas of the Crou-n, eh. 65.) At common law the ofl'ense, unless it re- sulted in some more serious crime, w'as a misde- meanor ; but in ea.se the riot caused loss of life or serious bodily injury, the rioter might be pun- ished for the felony committed. If the riotous enterprise is of a public nature, in that it is directed toward the Government with the purpose of overthrowing or destroying it, the offense is treason (q.v.). The assembly need not be planned by the rioters in advance; It is enough to constitute the crime if there is the actual assembly resulting in the tumultuous ex- ecution of the private enterprise. The crime may be committed also if the rioters do not specifically