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* BIENZI. 146 RIETI. more factious, more ananhioal, more desperately loiul of spilling bloml tlian ever; and at last Innocent VI. sent Cardinal Albornoz to reestab- lish order. Ricnzi was released from prison, and accompanied the Cardinal. In August, 1354, liavinjr borrowed money and raised a small body of soldiers, he made a sort of triumphal entry into Rome, and was received with universal ac- clamations. But misfortune had debased his character; he abandoned himself to good living, and his once generous sentiments had given place to a hard, mistrustful, and cruel disposition. U'lie barons refused to recognize his government and fortified themselves in their castles. The war against them necessitated the incurring of heavy expenses. In two months, Rienzi's rule becoming intolerable, an infuriated crowd sur- rounded him in the Capitol and put him to death. Consult : Papencordt, Cola di Rieii^o und seine Zeit (Hamburg, 1841) : Auriac, Etude Ms- iorique sur Xicole ii'ienco (Paris, 1888) ; Rodo- canachi. Cola di Ricnzo (ib., 1888). BIENZI, DER Letzte der Tribunes. An opera in five acts, text and music by Richard Wagner, first produced at Dresden, October 20, 1842. The libretto is founded upon Buhver's novel of the same title, whose story it follows in the essential particulars. It is the last of Wagner's works in the purely operatic style, for thereafter, in the Flying Dutchman, Tannlmuser, Lohengrin, and the Ring, Wagner adhered more and more rigidly to his music-drama principles. The musie is characterized by melody, and a series of dra- matic climaxes whose treatment is reminiscent of the Meyerbeer school. RIEPENHATJSEN, re'pen-hou'zen, Franz (1786-1831) and Johaxxes (1780-1860). Ger- man painters and engravers, born at Gijttingen, sons and pupils of Ernst Ludwig Riepenhausen (1765-1840, favorably known through his en- gravings after Hogarth). In 1804 they studied under Tischbein at the Academy in Cassel, then in Dresden, and in 1807 went in Tieck's com- pany to Rome, where they settled permanently and devoted themselves chiefly to the study of Raphael's works. Besides many religious paint- ings they produced conjointly the "Glorification of Raphael," and for the Guelph Hall at Hanover "Henry the Lion Protecting Frederick Barba- rossa Against the Romans." They also collabo- rated in drawings to Goethe's Faust, in episodes from the life of Charlemagne, in 14 etchings, illustrating the "Life and Death of Saint Gen- evieve" (1806), a Geschichte der ilalerei in Ital- icn, with 24 outline drawings after Italian mas- ters before Perugino (1810), and a series of drawings after the paintings of Polygnotus at Delphi, according to Pausanias. After the death of Franz, Johannes published a "Vita di Raffael- lo" in 14 plates, for which they had composed the drawings together, and also executed several large paintings such as "Raphael's Death" (1836), "Destruction of the Cenei Family" (1839), and others. Consult Andresen, Die deutschen Maler- Radirer des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (Leipzig, 1872). RIES, res, Ferdinand (1784-1838). A Ger- man composer, born at Bonn. He was the eldest son of Franz Ries (1755-1846), a musical director at Bonn. He studied piano with Beethoven, his father's friend, from 1801 to 1805 at Vienna, and became prominent by his compositions and by his Biogi'aphiscke yotizen iiber L. Beethoven (1838). As a pi- anist he was most successful in his many con- cert tours through England, France, Russia, and Scandinavia. He was town musical director at Aix-la-Chapelle from 1834 to 1836. He wrote three operas: Die Riiuberbraut (1828), Liska (1831), and Fine Nacht auf detn Libanon; two oratorios, Der Sieg des Olaubens and Die Konige Israels: overtures, symphonies, string quartets, violin sonatas, and a trio for two pianos and a harp, BIESA, re'za. A town and railway centre in Saxony, on the Elbe, 33 miles by rail northwest of Dresden. A large bridge of iron and stone here spans the rivej- (Map: Germany, E 3). The town has a public library and a municipal hos- pital, and various special schools. The har- bor is good and possesses ample shipping facili- ties, and Riesa is consequently the centre of important shipbuilding interests and of a large trade, including fish, oil, coal, lumber, grain, iron ore, etc. Sandstone, which is quarried ex- tensively, is also shipped. There are rolling mills and manv other manufactories. Population, in 1900, 13.477. BIESE, re'zc, Alexander (1840—). A Ger- man classical scholar, born and educated at Frankfort-on-the-ilain, Besides his excellent editions of Varro's Satirce Menippew (1865), of the Anthologia Latina (1869-70; 2d ed, 1894), of Ovid (1871-77), of the Historia ApoUonii Regis Tijri (1871, 2d ed, 1893), of Catullus (1884, with commentary), and of Phtedrus (1885), he pub- lished a suggestive essay, Idealisierung der Jia- turvolker des Xordens in den griechischen und ro- niischen Litteraturen (1875), and two mono- graphs on early Gferman history, Das Rheinland in- der Rbnierzeit (1889) and Das Rheinische Germanien in der antiken Litteratur (1892). RIESENER, re'ze-ner, Johann Heinbich (1734-1806). A German cabinet-maker, born at Gladbaeh, Rhenish Prussia, Early in life he went to Paris and entered the workshop of Johann Franz Oeben (died 1766, a pupil of Boulle and protege of Madame de Pompadour), after whose death he married his widow, carried on his busi- ness and was received as master into the Paris guild in 1768. Specimens of Riesener's work, in the style of Louis XV., executed for the royal palaces, may be seen at Fontainebleau, Trianon, Compifegne, and in the ISIusSe du Mobilier Na- tional, Paris, while the majority of it was sold abroad, particularly into England, in consequence of the Revolution. RIESENGEBIRGE, re'zcn-gc-ber'ge (Ger„ giant mountains). The highest range of the Sudetic Mountains (q.v.). RIESI, re-a'ze. A town in the Province of Caltanissetta, Sicily, situated near the Salso, 1414 miles south of Caltanissetta (Map: Italy, J 10), There are sulphur mines and a trade in wine and olive oil. Population (commune), in 1901. 14.944. RIETI, re-a'te. A town in the Province of Perugia, Italy, situated on the Velino, 45 miles northeast of Rome (Map: Italy, G 5), It is well built and surrounded by walls. The fif- teenth-century cathedral has a monument by Thorvaldsen. There are an old castle, a bishop's seminary, a gymnasium, a lyceum, a technical