Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/161

* RIDDLE. Ul RIDQWAY. Ilw Intcrnntional Sunday-School Lessons (1877- 81). RIDEAU, re'do'. A waterway formed by the lake, rivir, and canal of the same name in the Province of Ontario, Canada (Map: Ontario, II 2). The lake is situated from 42 to GO miles south-southwest of Ottawa, and is drained by the Ridoau River, which falls into the Ottawa River at (he city of Ottawa. The canal, built between 1826 and 1834 for military purposes, connects Ottawa with Kingston on Lake Ontario by way of the river and lake and by connections with Mud Lake and the Cataraqui River. It is (iVi miles long, has a navigable depth of 4% feet, and 47 locks. Its importance has declined since the advent of railways. RIDEING, rld'ing. William Henry (1853 — ). An American journalist and writer of books for young people, born in Liverpool, Eng- land. After coming to tlie United States he wrote for various newspapers until 1881, when he became a member of the editorial staff of the Yoiitli's Companion. From 1887 to 1889 he was joint editor of the Xorth American Renew. His publications include: A-Saddle in the Wild West (1879) ; Strai/ Moments tcifh Thackeray (1880) ; Boys in. the Mountains (1882); Boys Coastwise (1884); Thackeray's London- (1885); and The Boyhood of Living Authors (1887). RIDER. An American political term denot- ing a legislative measure which, if left to stand alone, is likely to be rejected by one branch of the Legislature or vetoed by the President, but in order to be carried through is attached to an appropriation or other bill whose enactment is assured. The practice is an encroachment up- on the independence of the executive, especially in the ease of the President, who is not allowed to veto parts of an appropriation bill. In many of the States efforts have been made to abolish the practice by providing that no bill shall contain matter relating to more than one subject, which shall be indicated clearly in the title, and by providing further that the Governor may veto parts of an appropriation bill. A rule of the United States House of Representatives in 1888-89 prohibited the tacking of riders to ap- propriation bills. RIDGAWAY, rij'a-wa, Henry Bascom ( 1830- 95). An American Methodist Episcopal minister and educator, born in Talbot County, Md., and educated at Dickinson College. After holding various pastorates he was appointed in 1882 pro- fessor in the Garrett Biblical Institute (Evans- ton. 111.), of which he became president two years afterwards. He published biographies of Alfred Cookman (1871), Bishop Ediward S. Janes (1882), Bishop Beverly Wangh (1883), and Bishop Matthew Simpson (1885). RIDGE, IVlAJOR (c.1770-1839). A noted Cherokee chief, born at Hiwassee town, near the present Columbus, in East Tennessee. Having been formally initiated as a warrior at the age of twelve, he took an active part in the border warfare along the Tennessee frontier. Shortly after 1794 he was elected to a seat in the tribal council. He opposed cessions of tribal ter- ritory in 1804 and 1805, and took a firm stand against the doctrines of the Shawano ])rophet, who preached resistance to the Government. In the Creek War of 1813-14 he led a detachment of Cherokee volunteers to the aid of General Jnok- son, and rendered elTective service, whence he was called Major, 'rogether with 19 others, he signiil the Treaty of New Kchota, in 1835, which bound the entire Cherokee nation to remove iK'Vond the Mississijjpi. The treaty was opposed by .lohii Ross, and by the entire Cherokee council, but notwithstanding repeated protest it was curried through, and the entire tribe was deported to the Indian Territory, losing nearly 4000 by death in the journey, which occujiied all of the winter of 1838-30. On June 22. 1839, a few months after their arrival. Major Ridge, his son John, and Elias Boudinot, three principal signers of the treaty, were killed at their homes by men sent for the purpose, in accordance with tin old Cherokee law which fixed the death penally for attempting to sell tribal lands without the con- sent of tlie entire nation. RIDGE, William Rett (c.lSGO— ). An Eng- lish novelist, born at Chartham. near Canter- bury. He was educated in lh<> Rirkl)eck insti- tute, lived in the country until 18S0, and wrote nothing before 1S90. Both in manner and in mat- ter lie folhjws Dickens, and is especially liappv in portraying cockney humor. His l)<>oks in- clude: A Clever Wlfe (1895); Secretary to Bayne, M. P. (1897); Mord Em'ly (1898); A Son of the State (1899) ; A Breaker of the Laws. (1900); Outside the Radius (1900); and Lost Properly (1902). RIDGTVAY. A borough and the county-seat of Elk County, Pa., 119 miles east by south of Erie; on the Clarion River, and on the Pennsyl- vania and the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburg railroads (ilap: Pennsylvania. C 2). The court- house, representing an e.viienditure of $(jO,OOt), is a noteworthy feature of the borough. There is a public library. Ridgway is the centre of a lum- bering and farming district, and is interested chiefly in manufacturing flour, leather, iron, clay, and lumber products, railroad snow plows, and machine tools. Population, in 1890, 1903; in 1900. 3515. RIDGWAY, Robert (1850—). An American ornithologist, born in Mount Carmel, 111. Through his early interest in birds he became, while a boy of fourteen, a correspondent of Spencer F. Baird, who recommended his appointment as zoologist on the Clarence King geological ex- ploration of the fortieth parallel ( lS(7-(i!»). In the report of the expedition published by the (Jov- ernment in 1877, Ridgway wrote the section on ornithology, and he had made collections not only of bird skins, nests, and eggs, but of rep- tiles and fishes observed between Sacramento Cal., and Salt Lake City. I'tah. In 18S0 he was appointed curator of the Division of Birds in the United States National iluseuni at Wash- ington, and he became one of the foun<lers, and afterwards president of the American Or- nithologists' Union. He collaborated with Baird and Brewer by writing the technical parts in A Bistory of Xorth .imericun Hirds (3 vols., 1874) and iii The Water Birds of Xorlh America (1884), and he classified the birds brought from Alaska by the Fish Commission in 1889. His other publications include: A Nomenclature of Colors for Xatiirali.sls (188(1); Manual of North American Birds (1887) : and The Birds of North and Middle America, in eight volumes, which began to appear in 1901. This work ia