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* BICHELIEU. 133 RICH HILL. II le ministdre du caidinnl dc Ifichclieu (ih.. ISOO) ; Maitineau, Le cardiiiul de liichcUeu (ib., ISlio) ; Ranke, iu Fraiiz^isisclic Oiscliichte, vols. ii. aiiJ V. (Leipzig, 1870-77) ; To])in, Louis XllL ct Jiichelicu (Paris, 1885) ; d'Avenel, Richelieu et la monarchie ahsolite (ib., 1884-90) : Dussieux, Le cardinal de liichelieit (ib., 188.3); Fagniez, Le pere Joseph et lliehelieii (ib., 18!)4) ; Haiio- teaux, Histoire du cardinal dc liichclicu (ib., 1893-90) ; and Peikins, Kirlielini and the Growth of French Power (Loiulon, llKIO). KICHELIEU, Louis Fr. (,ois Abm. d du Plk.s.si.s, Duke de (1090-1788). A marshal of France, born in Paris, a grandnephew of the great Cardinal. He took an active part in Court intrigues and was comrade and assistant to Louis XV. in his love affairs. As a .soldier he distinguished himself at Fontenoy. He vas made marshal in 1748, Governor of Guyenne in 1755, and won great renown in the taking of Port JIahon, ilinorca, in 1750. He succeeded Marshal D'Estr^s as commander in Hanover, where he enriched himself by pillage and per- mitted his troops to do the same. His later days, as his earlier, were occupied with the dis- sipations of the royal circle at Paris. He was a witty, if not a wise man, and the friend and pro- tector of Voltaire, but better known for his patronage of Du Barry and for his utter lack of seriousness. His memoirs were edited by Sou- lavie in 1793; and he is prominent in most other memoirs of the period. Consult Faur. Vie privee du marcchal de Richelieu (Paris, 1792). RICHEPIN, resh'paN', Jean (1849—). A French poet, novelist, and dramatist. He was born at Med(?ali, in Algeria, February 4, 1849. For a while he was a sailor, and he fought as a rifleman in the Franco-German wars. He at first studied medicine and then entered the Eeole Normale in Paris. After an apprentice- ship in journalism, fiction, and drama he published (1870) La chanson des gueuj; for the frank immorality of which he was fined 500 francs and imprisoned one month. In prison he wrote Les mortes bitnrres (1877). Among later works are the poems Les caresses ( 1877 ) . Les blasphemes (1884), La mer (1880). iles paradis (1893); the stories La Glu (1881); Bi-aves gens (1888): the plavs Nana iiahib (1882), Monsieur Scapin (1880), Le flibustier (1888), Par le glaire (1892), Les truands (1889). Riehepin is a romantic, and a poet and notably a dramatist of talent. Par le glaive is a nnble and beautiful drama written in fine, sonorous Alexandrines. RICHER, re'sha', Edmond (1560-1631). A French tlieologian, born at Chaource, Aube. He was made a doctor of theology by the Sorbonne, and taught belles-lettres, rhetoric, and philosophy in the college of Cardinal Le Moine. of which he became director in 1594. The following year he came forward prominently as the chief oppo- nent of the Jesuits, who in their turn attacked his work De Ecclesiastica et Politica Potestnte (1011), and he was forced to resign as syndic of the Sorbonne in 1012. He was summoned to ap- pear before the Inquisition at Rome, and was impi;isoned on his return to Paris, but was re- leased. He made his defense in Historia Con- ciliorum General ium (1083), and Bistoire du sijndicat de Richer (1753). both published post- humously. He also wrote De Analogia, Causis Llof/uenlio! ct Lingucr Patrice Locupletandai Mcthodo (1601), and other works. RICHER, Paul (1849- ). A French neu- rologist, born at Charlres. He was educated in Paris, from 1882 to 1895 was director of the laboratory connected with the SalpOtrifre clinic of nervous diseases, and in 1898 was elected to the Academy of Medicine. He wrote Etudes cliniqucs sur la grandc hysteric ( 1885, crowned by the Institute), but he is perhaps belter known for his connection with art and anatomy. A pupil of Charcot, and a draughtsman of .some ability, he published iu collaboration with his master, Les dcmomaqucs dans I'arl (I88(i) and Les difformes et les maludes dans I'urt (1889) ; and, alone, an Anatomic arlislitiue (1890), which was crowned by the Academy of Fine Arts and by the Academy of Sciences, and Physiologic artistifjue de I'homme en mourcmcnt (1895). RICHET, re'shi', Alfred (1816-91). A Frciicli surgeon, born at Dijon. He rose rapidly in his profession, became a member of the Academy of Medicine in 1865. did good service in the ambulance corps in the siege of Paris, and in 1873 was conmiander of the Legion of Honor. Long professor of clinical surgery. Kielict wrote Traite pratique d'anatomie medico-chirurgicale (1857), and among special treatises. Lemons cliniques sur les fractures de la jambe (1875). RICHET, Charles (1850—). A French physiologist, .son of the preceding. He was born and educated in Paris, was a prom- inent member of the French Biological So- ciety (1881 et seq. ), and received in 1879 a prize from the Institute for his monograph, Proprietes chimiques et physiologiqufs du sue gastrique. In 1887 he succeeded Beclard as pro- fessor of physiology in the medical faculty of the University of Paris, and in 1899 was chosen a member of the Academy of Medicine. His works include: a translation of Harvey on the circulation of the blood (1879); L'homme ct Vintelligence (1884; 2d ed. 1890); Hisai dc psychologic gcnerale (1888; 2d ed. 1892; Rus- sian translation in 1889 and Polish, 1890) ; and a Dictiannnire de physiologic (1899). RICH'FIELD SPRINGS. A village in Otsego County, N. V., 35 miles southeast of Utica. near Canadarago Lake, and on the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad (Map: New York. E 3). The mineral springs of the vicinity are noted for their medicinal jiroper- ties, and are much frequented. Beautiful scen- ery and attractive drives are to be noted here. There are manufactures of Scotch caps and knit goods. Though settled as early as 1758. Rich- field Springs did not become a summer resort until 1820. Population, in 1890, 1023; in 1900, 1.537. RICH HILL. A city in Bates County. Mo.. 85 miles south bv east of Kansas Citv, on tlie
 * rissouri Pacific and the Kansas City, Fort

Scott and Memphis railroads (Map; Missouri. B 3). It is situated in the mineral belt of soith- west Missouri, in the section noted for its ex- tensive coal fields. Rich Hill carries on con- siderable trade in farm produce and live stock, and has zinc and lead smelting works, machine shops, manufactures of vitrified brick and tile, and flour mills. Population, in 1890. 4008; in 1900. 4053.