Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/142

* BICCIO. 122 RICE. most destroyed, and "The Entry of Clement VII. carefully weeded, although often so wet that the and Charles '. into Bologna," in the Palazzo worUnien may sink to tlu'ir knees. llidolfi. This last, his most celebrated work, is The origin of the regular production of rice in notable for the dramatic expression of the fig- America is referred to the latter part of the ures and its line color. Domenico's sou Fklice seventeenth century, when a vessel from iladagas- (1.540-1005), also called Brusasorci, studied car is said to have brought a sack of the grain to under Ligozzi in I'Torenee. A number of his Charleston, S. C. This yielded well, the culture religious paintings are in the Verona churches, spread, and eventually rice became the stajilc and" there is a "Holy Family" by him, in the product of that State, until the War of the Ke- l^ouvre. His style is refined, and his coloring bellion checked it. The mode of cultivation best rich and pleasing. adapted to the plant in South Carolina has been ■r.T^^/^T>/^■^Tx -i >i • 1 -/ • T „,.r„^ ,„ii„^ fouud to be by irrigation, and it is chieily grown BICCOBONI, rik k-bo'ne, LoDOVico, called, j, i i * i « i i 4-1 iva.v..v/ ,_-' .„ Ti ',• „ .^i,.„,„.;f„vr,;=t where the land was formerly overflowed by the Leuo (U,,,- Uo.3). An Italian diamatuigist, ^..j^^_ ^,^^^ cultivation of rice spread rapidly to born at llodena In 1099 he became director ^^^^^ ^^ ^,^^ Southern States, but of late years of a company of (.layers, by whose aid he did Louisiana and Texas have been the most suoeess- nway with the traditional Italian comedy of ^^j j,^ .^^ cultivation. The prairies of the south- masks, and nresented the Fastor fido and other i « ji oi 4. 1 1 a 1 11 iiiti=.vo, ui.u |)ii v,uL,,.i4 K o, , , ■ 4. ern parts of the States have proved to be well dramas of importance. Opposition to lum at ., '■ 4. 4., 14.- 4- c • t, , j • ■ • " : J . 1, T 1 1 V J 1 ■ i suited to the cultivation of rice. The land is irri- Veniee and in the Louujard towns caused him to , , , . 4. j- • i n 1 .', , ; gated by pumping water from rivers and wells and withdraw to Pans, where from 1716 to li29 he " •' ',,'.'= -4. c 4.1 1 1 ■ conducted an Italian theatre in the Hotel de ^^ >;e8"lated as to permit of the use of machinery Bourgogne. He returned thence after a brief as m growing other smal grains The ground is residlnee at Parma ( 1729-31 ) . His publications P'oY" ' J^f "'"^Ifl. ''^"'1 ■•°"?'l' ^}}'^ ^he .seed planted inelude the HistoireduthmreitaUen(U-2S-31). ^Jit'V' ""^- The ground i.s allowed to dry suf- heiently at harvest time to eualjle the use 01 BICCOBONI, !Marie Jeanne Labobas de binders and the grain is afterwards threshed MEZiiiRES (1714-92). A French novelist, daugh- with steam threshers. It is also grown on low- ter-in-law of the preceding. She was born in lands subject to overflow from the river, with due Paris. She wrote the once popular novels of precautions against a pos.sible crevasse. The water society, Hintoire du marquis de Cricy ; Lettres de is conveyed by ditches and laterals, and is altcr- vtilady Catcsby ; Ernestine, etc., but she is best nately turned on and drained off, as the condition known as the continuator of Marianne, by Mari- of the plants' progress may demand. When vaux (q.v. ). mature the water is drained off, the grain cut BICE (OF. ris, Fr. riz, fi-om JML. orysum, Lat. a"-! 1" to,<i'7- ^^l^"' threshing, it is winnowed ory^a, from Gk. dpvta, oryza, Spv^o., onjzon, rice; '^nd placet in sacks, ready for the mill or connected with Afghan vrizi, Skt. vrihi. rice). A P'-^'-^.*- The 'upland rice is dry-cultivated, .and genus of grasses of which the only important Yl claimed by some planters to be belter than tpecies is the common rice (Or7/~o 5'« (fro), one of the lowland It is grown upon high and dry the most useful and extensively cultivated grains, ^''^: and, after the manner of other gram, the supplying the principal food" of one-half of the y?}^ '« "f so generous as on the lowland. The human rSce. It seems to have been originally a '"'"'"^ °^ rice consists m removing the outer native of the East In.lies, but has spread to "all }'"^,'f or coat._ From the thresher the rice is sent quarters of the globe, wherever the conditions of to the mills in barrels holding 102 pounds each, warmth and moisture are suitable. It is adapted ^J°'" this quantity of rough rice, the mills secure to subtropical climates, rather than tropical or ^^ V^^ridf of clean rice 8 pounds of polish, uO cold temperatures. Rice is an annual, varying PO""J« "f bran, and 29 pounds of waste The from twi to five feet in height. The seed o? "<^e polis and rice bran are mixed and s^old as a grain grows on little separate stalks, springing feeding stuff under the name of rice feed or rice from the main stalk; and' the whole appearance ™<^'-, " '^''"^yy i"t_"tious and is largely em- of the plant, when the grain is ripe, may be said Pl"/,"! '^** ^ ^°°^ ^° VU^- . ,^ ,, .,, ^, , . to be intermediate between that of b.irley and ,,}}'" P^duction of rice in the United States m oats. Rice requires a moist soil, artificially ^^^■>'_ ^^ S'''<=" '" ^^"^ Twelfth Census, was as fol- flooded at certain seasons. There are, however, 'o^^" vaTieties called upland rice that do not require Pounds flooding. The cultivation is most extensively Georgia 11,174 .^62 ■ -P ■ T J- r<i • J ii 4.1 / Louisiana nL',7:i'2.430 carried on in India, China, and other southeast- North Carolina 7,K'.i'2..'J80 ern parts of Asia, Japan, Egypt, the southern South Carolina 47".360.r28 countries of Europe, South Carolina, Georgia, Texas 7,186,863 and the Gulf States of North America, The best xhe amount did not supply the home market, of all rice known in the market is that of Caro- a^d jn addition 204.177.000 pounds were ini- Ima, yet the introduction of nee into that coun- ported. The world's production of rice in 1899 try occurred only about the end of the seventeenth -n-as : or the first part of the eighteenth century. Rice Pounds is known in India as Paddy — a term also u.sed to North America 283,722,027 designate rice in the husk. See Plate of Cereals. Europe l.507!3C8',ouO T„ r'l • 1 •4.1 4 • Asia 72,380,748,000 In Liiiiia, where, as in other warm countries, two crops may be obtained in a year, rice is Canada rice (Zizania aquatica), the wild rice generally sown thickly on very wet land, and of North America, is a species of a different afterwards transplanted to the land which it genus of grass quite different from the true tice. is finally to occupy. The plants tiller or spread It is particularly abundant in the Northwest, at the root very much, so that each sends up growing in miry places or shallow water, often several or many stalks. The rice-grounds are in the margins of lakes. The seeds are about <siM