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* BIBAITT. 118 RIBEIEO. the project was abaiidoued after a slight initial sucicss. Meanwhile, the Spanish leader Menen- dez had taken Fort Caroline, ou the Saint John's Rivtr, by rapid and skillful tactics. Over one hundred of the parrison were murdered bj' the Spaniards, as well as others of the French forces who later fell into the hands of Menendez. Ei- baut travelinj; toward the settlement was met by ilenendez, and with most of his party surren- dered unconditionally. All but a few were put to death, Kibaut himself meeting his fate bravely. Consult: Winsor, yarrative and Critical Ilistori/ of America, vol. ii. (Boston, ISSG); Parkman, Pioneers of France in the Sew World (ib., 1S85) ; GalTard, La Florid-e frangaise (Paris, 1875). RIB'BECK, Otto (1827-98). A German clas- sical philologist. He was born in Erfurt, studied in Berlin under Lachmann, Biickh, and Bopp (1845), and in Bonn under Welcker, the 'last Hellene,' and with Kitschl, whose critical method he so closely followed. After receiving his degree in Berlin he wont to Italy, where he spent a year. In 183.3 he became a member of Biickh's seminar at Berlin, and from 1854 to 1877 taught succes- sively at Elberfeld, Bern, Basel, Kiel, and Hei- delberg. He became Eitschl's successor at Leipzig in 1877. Ribbeck's peculiar prov- ince was Latin poetry, and his great fame was as a bold textual critic. Besides many contributions to the Rheinisches Museum, of which he became an editor in 1870, his more typical works are the valu.able collection of Latin comic and tragic fragments (1852-55: enlarged 1871-73; 3d ed. 1897-98); the text of Juvenal (1859), which is very radically reconstructed on the general principles of his essay, Dcr cchte und unechte Jureiial (1865), in which Eibbeck held satires 1-9 and 11 as original and all else of the textus receptus late additions; the great text of Vergil (1859-02; prolegomena 1866), based on a minute study of the interrelations and history of the manuscripts, but marred by a subjective and fanciful, if brilliant, criticism, which is also to be found in the Horace of 18G9; and an edition of Plautus's Miles Gloriosus (1881). But his most valuable works were the Gcschichte dcr romixchen Dichlunf} (1889-92; 2d ed. 1897- 1900) and the masterly Life of Eitschl (1879- 81). Mention should also be made of his series of classical chaiacter sketches, Alazon (1882), Kolax (1883), and Agroikos (1885), patterned somewhat on Theophrastus. RIBBED VAULTING. A form of arched vaulting in which the masonry of the vault is sustained by ribs, which form a sort of skeleton, upon which the concave surfaces forming the shell of the vault rest. The ribbed vault is a development of the quadripartite groined vault, in which the groins are strengthened by means of ribs of masonry, but differs from it in that the concave surfaces of the vault are independent structures, transmitting the thrust to the ribs. (See Gkoixed Vaulting.) For the different varieties of Ribbed Vaulting, see V.ixT. It is the basal unit of Gothic architecture, under which title its development is fully discussed. RIBBON. See Silk. RIBBON" (OF. riban, rulan, rubant, Fr. ruhan; perhaps connected with Ir. ribin. ribbon, Welsh rhibin, streak, Gael, rib, hair, rag). In heraldry ( q.v. ), a diminutive of the ordinary called the bend. RIBBON-FISH. (1) Any of a variety of pelagic fishes characterized by a much elongated and compressed body, especially those of the sub- order Ta-niostomi, including three families, rcp- lesented by very few species. They are of very delicate structure, with naked and silvery skin, a long dorsal fin often uniting with the tail-fin, a small mouth, snul a protractile snout. They are widely distributed from polar to tropical seas, but are nowhere foimd in abundance, being deep- sea fishes, and mere occasional visitants of the coasts. Owing to the delicacy of their frame, perfect specimens are seldom obtained. Speci- mens 20 feet long with a depth- of 12 inches and a thickness of only an inch or two have been taken. See O.^UFisii. (2) One of the roncadors (q.v.) of the Gulf of Mexico and West Indies, Eques lanceolatus. Its GULF BiBBO-FisH {Eqnes laneeolatvs). generic name is due to the long dorsal spines, sug- gesting a rider ; and its common name to black- ish-brown bands which curiously ornament its yellowish-gray body. RIBBON GRASS. See Caxabt Grass. RIBBONISM. The name given to a move- ment which originated in Ireland about 1808. and took the form of secret associations of Catholics banded together for the purpose of combating the activity of the Orangemen (q.v.), and known as Ribbon societies. The name was derived from the green ribbon which was the badge of the or- ganization. The societies appeared chiefly in Armagh, Down, Antrim, Tyrone, and Fermanagh, and seem never to have gained a footing in the purely Catholic counties. Tlie members of the Ribbon societies belonged almost exclusively to the poorest classes, and the religious purposes of the organization soon became merged with so- cial and agrarian. The Catholic clergy seem consistently to have opposed the movement. RIBBON SNAKE. One of the American gartor-suakes (Eiitaiiia saiirita) common from ilassachusetts to Louisiana, but rare west of the Alleghanies. It is a light chocolate brown above, with three yellow stripes and greenish below. The only peculiarity in its habits is its fondness for water. Two closely similar species are Eutania Sackenii of Florida, which is clear olive with straw-colored stripes: and Eutwnia prox- ima. of the Mississippi Valley and Texas, which is blackish brown, with dull yellow stripes. See Gartee-Sxake. RIBEIRO. reba'ro, Berxabdim (c.l48(5- C.1550). A Portuguese poet, born at Torrao. in the Province of Alemtejo. There is little posi- tive information about this poet. He was a gen- tlemen of the chamber at the Portuguese Court for several years, and there had an imfortunate love affair with a relative of the King, who is said by some to have lieen Donna Joana de Vil- hena. His best known work is the pastoral