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* f BHONE. 112 RHYME. running from the Gulf of Foz to the main stream, while other canals connect the latter with several ports on the Gulf of Lyons, one being projected to the port of Marseilles. Canals also connect the Saone with the Loire, the Seine, and the Khine. Consult: Harron, Les fleuves de la France: Le Jihdne (Paris. 1900) ; Lcnth^ric, Le Rhone, his- toire d'un flcuve (ib., 1892) ; Wood, In the Valley of the Rhone (London, 1899) ; Lombard-Orin. yotes sur le tonnuye dti Rhone (Paris, 1900J. RHONE. A southeastern department of France (ilap: France, L 6). Area. 1077 square miles. It lies almost wholly in the basin of the Rhone and its great affluent the Saone, its east- ern boundary being formed by these rivers. The surface is almost entirely mountainous or hilly, the chief level stretches being the valley of the Sarme and the <listrict about Lyons. The principal productions are wine and silk. The wines are famous for their excellent quality. About one-tenth of tlie surface is in vineyards. Silks are manufactured extensively, and numer- ous other branches of manufacture are actively carried on. Capital, Lyons (q.v.). Population, in 1896, 839,239; in 1901, 843,179. Consult: Varnet, Cleographie du dipartement du Rhone (Lyon, n. d.); Lentli^ric, La rcijion du Bus- Rhone (Paris, 1881); .Joanne, (Jiographie du deparlement du Rhone (ib., 1900). RHONE, BoucHES-DU-. A department of France. See Bouches-du-Rh6xe. RHUBARB (]IL. rhuharharum, rheuharha- ruyn. rcubarhurutii. rheum barbarum, from Gk. ^^ox ^ap^apov, rhubarb, from ji^ov, rheon, rhu- barb, and ^ip^apoi: barbaros, barbarous, foreign), or Pie Plant ( Rheum ). A large, coarse genus of Asiatic herbs of the natural order Polygonaceae, closely allied to Rumex (dock and sorrel). The rhubarb of commerce, which comes from inland parts of China or Chinese Tartary, is produced by an unknown species. The leafstalks of rhubarb contain an agreeable mixture of citric and malic acids, and when young and tender are highly esteemed for stewing and preserving, for which purpose the plants are •widely cultivated in temperate and cold countries. Several species have been introduced into cultiva- tion for their leafstalks. Rheum Pahnatum, the first species known, and once believed to yield Turkey rhubarb, has roundish green leafstalks and half-palmate leaves. Its stalks are inferior for the table. Rheum vndulatum, Rheum rhaponticum, and Rheum hybridum have broad, heart-shaped, undivided leaves, upon flattened, often reddish leafstalks grooved on the upper side. In some of the finest varieties the flesh is red. In Continental Europe rhubarb is grown more as a foliage plant than as a vegetable. Rhubarb is propagated by seed, or by dividing the roots. It prefers a light rich soil, which .shonld be heavily manured every year. The plants are placed three or four feet apart, ac- cording to the size of the variety. Rhubarb is forced in winter and early spring by having pots or barrels inverted over it, and fresh litter or horse manure heaped around. It is also forced under greenhouse benches and in cellars, the roots being frozen before removal to the heat. As a medicine rhubarb roots are considered to be cathartic, astringent, and tonic. See Plate of Vegetables. RHUMB LINE, or Loxodromic Line. The course uf a ship which is sailing in an oblique direction always to one point of the compass. It is a curve on the surface of the terrestrial spliere which has the property of cutting all meridians at the same angle. The rhumb line appears as a straight line on Mercator's projec- tion. (See ilAP.) A ship sailing obliquely to the direction of the North Pole (say, two points off) would wind roimd it in infinite circuits, always approaching nearer, but never reacliing it. In this property, as well as in others, the loxodromic line is analogous to the conuuon logarithmic spiral. See Loxodroiie; Naviga- tion; Sailings. RHUS. A genus of shrubs and trees. See Sumach; Poisonous Plants. RHYJj, ril. A popular tourist and sea-bath- ing resort in Flintshire, Wales, at the mouth of the Chvyd, 10 miles northwest of Denbigh (Jlap: Wales, C 3). It has a fine beach, esplanade, promenade pier, aquarium, and winter garden, golf links, etc. Zinc ore is mined in the vicinity, iluch municipal activity has been evinced in public improvements to add to the natural attrac- tions. The town owns its water-works, gas, and electric lighting plants, markets, and cemetery; maintains promenades, marine walks, and recrea- tion grounds : and has installed modern sewage disposal works. Pojiulation, in 1891, 6500; in 1901, 8500, with a transient summer population of 20,000. RHYME, or RIME (AS., OHG. rhn, number, Ger. Reim, rhyme). In the broader meaning, a poem, or numbered or versified composition, as when we speak of the '"Jlother Goose RhjTues;" also, by a slight extension, a synonym for poetry in general. In the more technical sense rhj'me is the recurrence of the same sound, in a verse or verses, in syllables having corresponding metrical values. Rhvmes are of three general types: they may be formed by the correspondence of the in- itial sounds of the rhyming syllables, in which case they are called head- rhyme or alliteration; they may be formed by the correspondence of the vowel element, in which case, if the succeeding consonant sounds differ in the rh,yming syllables, we have assonance, while if the succeeding con- sonants are the same in sountl, or if there are no consonants, we have true rhymes. Alliteration was the characteristic rhyme of the ancient Teu- tonic poetry, wliile assonance was first system- atically developed in the early Romance litera- tures. In modern literature both of these types have yielded in large measure to the more per- fect music of the true rhyme, but they have not, as is sometimes stated, ceased to be in good form. Most commonly, in modern poetry, they are used in connection with rhyme. Thus, in The Sym- phony, Sidney Lanier combines rhyme and al- literation : Woe iim that cunning trades in Aearts contrives! BRSf love good women to base /ovinp drives. If men loved 7arger, /arger were our Tives ; And H'ooed they nobler, won they nobler ivives. And in the same poem rhsTue and assonance are combined in : VaJDlj might Plato's brain revolve it : Plainly the heart of a child could solve it. The placing of rhyming words in the verse structure varies with the different kinds or with varying types of verse-composition. Alliteration is characteristically complete in a single verse, I