Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/905

* REGENT STREET. 801 REGIOMONTANTJS. REGENT STREET. A noted Lon.ion street, a mile in length, laid out in 1813 to connect Carl- ton House, the Prince Regent's residence, with Regent's Park. It contains the finest shops of the city. REGGIO DI CALABRIA, rad'j6 A6 ka-la'- bre-a. The capital of the Province of Rcggio di Calabria, Italy, situated on the Strait of Mes- sina, 8 miles southeast of ilessiiia, in Sicily (Map: Italy, K 9). The climate of Reggio is salubrious, and the scenery beautiful. Behind the city rises Aspromonte, where Garibaldi was taken prisoner in 1862. The city has a modern cathedral, an old castle, a statue of Garibaldi, a museum of antiquities, a public library, a ly- ceum, a technical school, and a seminary. There are manufactures of linens, silks, perfumes, olive oil. etc. The trade is chiefly in wine, fruit, grain, and fish. Population (commune), in 1881, 39,296; in 1901. 44.41.5. Reggio is the ancient Rhegium, founded by fu- gitives from Messina about B.C. 723. In B.C. 387 it was destroyed by Dionysius of Syracuse, but Jjecame a prosperous city again under the Romans. During the Middle Ages it was plun- dered by Goths. Saracens, and Turks. It was almost totally destroyed by the great earthquake of 1783, but has since been rebuilt on modern lines. REGGIO NELL' EMILIA, nel'la-menya. The capital of the Province of Reggio nell' Emilia, Italy, situated on a branch of the Po, and on the Piacenza-Bologna and other railroads, 16 miles west-northwest of Modena (Map: Italy, E 3). It is surrounded by walls and has broad and regular streets. The fifteenth-century cathedral is embellished with .statues and monuments. Some of the churches, notably Madonna della Ghiara, contain famous frescoes. The theatre is one of the finest in Italy. There are a museum with a natural history collection. and a library with .5.5,000 volumes and many valuable manuscripts: also a lyceum. a techni- cal institute, and a seminary. The city lies in a fertile district, and trades in wine, rice, and flax. There are manufactures of cotton and silk stufifs. brooms, leather, and cement. Popu- lation (commune), in 1881. 50.651: in 1901, .58,- 490. Reggio, the ancient Regiiim Lepidi, was a flourishing citv under the Romans. It was made the seat of a" bishopric in 4.50. In the twelfth century it became a republic, but passed into the possession of the Este family in 1290. It was repeatedly wrested from them, but was perma- nently secured early in the sixteenth century, and afterwards shared the fortimes of Modena. Reg- gio is the birthplace of Ariosto. REGIA (Lat.. royal house). The official residence of the Pon'tifex Maximus at Rome, situated on the Sacred Way. in the space be- tween the Temple of Faustina and the Temple of Vesta. In it were chapels to Mars and Ops, a hall for religious conventions, and the archives of the priesthood. On its walls were engraved the Fasti consulnres and triumphahs. fragments of which were discovered in 1.543. when the building was demoli-shed and its material used in the instruction of Saint Peter's. The Rcgia was burnt four times. REGICIDES (from Lat. rex, king + -cjda, assassin from cwdere. to kill). A name given in English history to those persons ""xl ^-.tne in bringing al)Out the death of Charles I., and especially to those members of the High Court of .Justice, sixty-seven in number, who on .Janu- ary 27, 1649, voted for his execution. Fifty- eight of the sixty-.seven, besides Ingoldsby, who was not present when sentence was i)ronounce<I, ultimately signed the death-warrant. In 1060, preparatory to his return, Charles II. issued the Declaration of Hreda, whereby pardon was granted to all. excepting such as I'arliaiiii-iit might afterwards except. The Convention Par- liament later passed an act of indemnity, but with many exceptions. Nineteen regicides, who had surrendered voluntarily, were kept in prison, together with six others, till their death, as far as is known, though they were never trjed. Ten were executed immediately and three others were caught in Holland, brought to England, and executed. Many lived in e.xile for tile rest of their lives, Goffe, Whalley, and Dixwell (qq.v. ) in the American colonic-. But even the dead were not spared, the bodies of some being exhumed, dragged to Tyburn, and there burnt, after having l)een exposed on the gallows. Consult: R^gis, Les Regicides dans I'histoire et dans le prisent (Paris, 1890) : Noble, The Lives of the English Regicides (Lon- don, 1798). REGICIDES' CAVE. A cavern near the top of West Rock, a clilf at New Haven, Connecticut. It was the place of concealment of the regicides Gofte and Whalley in 1601. REGILTjUS, Lake. Anciently a .small lake of Latiuni, to the southeast of Rome somewhere about the foot of the Tusculan hills, probably occupying an extinct volcanic crater at a plac called Cormifelle, near the modern Fraseati. Lake Regillus is celebrated in the semi-legendary history of Rome as the scene (B.C. 496) of a great battle between the Romans under Auhis Postumius and the Latins, on behalf of the banished Tanpiin, under 0. Mamilius. REGIMENT (Lat. rcgimeiilum, government, from regere, to govern). A military organization consisting of from two to four battalions (ac- cording to the army organizations of the various nations). For pur]M)scs of military administra- tion the regiment is the administrative unit, and in large operations retpiiring great numbers of troops it would he practically the tactical unit. See Akmv Okc.kmz.vtion : B.vttai.iox: CoMrAxy. REGIMENTAL COURT-MARTIAL. See Courts, Militaky, paragraph The Hegimeiilal Court-Martial. REGI'NA. The capital of the District of Assiiiilioia and of the Northwest Territories. Canada. 357 miles bv rail west of Winnipeg, on the Canadian Pacific Railroad (Map: Northwest Territories, H 4) . It is the military headquarters of the Northwest MountiKl Poli.c. An impor- tant trade in the products of the region is carrieil on. Population. 1901, 2645. REGIOMONTATTUS (1436-76). A German mathemati.iau and astronomer, whose real name was Johannes MuUer. He was born near Koni"sberg (whence his Latin name), was edu- cated at Vienna, and was a pupil of Georg Peu- erbach (q.v.). He collected numerous Greek AISS and translated many of them, especially the works of Ptolemy. Apollonius, Archimedes, and Hero of Alexandria. He also brought the al-