Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 16.djvu/904

* KEGENERATION. 800 REGENT'S PARK. grow to its normal size. Other similar experi- ments have met with varying success. Trajisplaktatiox of Skix. Cases of this sort of plastic surgery are becoming frequent. Morgan states that pieces of liuman skin may be without great difficulty grafted upon an exposed surface, "and it has been said that small jjieces succeed better than large ones, owing, most probably, to their being able to absorb sufficient oxygen, etc., and keep alive until new blood-vessels have grown into the grafted piece." The skin of the negro has been transplanted upon a white man. In many cases the transplanted skin has remained alive for a time, yet later it was thrown off by new skin growing under it and replacing it. Even grafting of internal organs is now attempted with more or less success in operative surgery. The results of grafting bone, etc., show, adds llorgan, that all kinds of tissue may continue to live, and the cells multiply in different parts of the body, but there seems to be nothing in these cases com- parable to a regeneration of the entire organ. In the new situation the cells often assume an en- tirely new arrangement. After a period of activ- ity, a process of degeneration commences and the piece atrophies. BiBLiofiR.4.PHy. Morgan, Re(ienerafio)t (New York, 1901), contains a full bibliography; Crampton, "An Experimental Study upon Lepi- doptera," in Archir fur Eiiticickelungsmechanik dcr Oriiiiiiismcn, vol. ix. (1899). REGENERATION. A term used in theology, to indicate either the entire spiritual change which passes upon men when they become Chris- tians or the divine agency in eliciting the act of faith in distinction from conversion, which is the part of man, and comprises repentance and faith. The words of Christ to Nicodemus, "Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born again, he cannot see the king- dom of God," are accepted as the expression of the universal necessity of regeneration by the Christian Church. In the view of the Roman Catholic and Eastein Churches, and of the High Church school among Anglicans, the change is inseparably connected with baptism, always in the case of infants and of those adults who interpose no obstacle to divine grace. In this view baptism constitutes always a real point of transition from the natural to the spiritual life, so that every baptized person — or at least every rightly baptized person — has al- ready Ijccomo a Christian, although he may fall away from the grace that he has received. Ac- cording to most Protestants regeneration ( includ- ing conversion) is a special, conscious process, which takes place independently of baptism, or of any otlicr outward fact or ceremony. It im- plies a scnsilile experience — an awakening where- by men come to see the evil of sin, and the divine displeasure against sin, and, through the Holy Spirit, are born again, put away their former evil life, and begin to live a new divine life. The controversy as to the meaning and metliod of regeneration was especially acute in the Angli- can comnuinion in the nineteenth century. The Gorham .Judgment (see Goeham Controvee.sy) agitated the entire Church of England in the forties, and a protest against what; were called eacramentarian views on this question led more than any other cause to the secession of the Re- formed Episcopal Church in the United States. REGENSBXTRG, ra'gens-bUorK, or Ratlsbon. A city of Bavaria, Germany, capital of the Upper Palatinate, situated on the Danube opposite the mouth of the Regen, 65 miles northeast of Mu- nich (Map: Germany, E 4). It is distinctly medi- itval in appearance, with narrow, crooked streets, and ancient houses, with looplioled towers and coats-of-arms. A stone bridge dating from the twelfth century connects Regensburg with the suburb of Stadtamhof on the opposite bank of the Danube. The cathedral, begun in 1275 and completed in 1534 with the exception of the towers, is pure German Gothic. It contains nuvny fine monuments and other objects of art. The Rathaus, dating partly from the fifteenth cen- turj', is interesting as the seat of the Imperial Diet from 10C3 to 1806. Another building of historical interest is the imi Zum Goldnen Kreuz where Charles V. lodged during the Diet of 1547 and where he met Barbara von Blomberg, the mother of Don .John of Austria. The villa of the King of Bavaria is a magnificent building in the Gothic style, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. There are a numbpr of seminaries, and .schools of religious music, glass- painting, and agriculture. Interesting collections are owned by the local historical and natural history societies. There are manufactures of paints, porcelain ware and pottery, machinery and other iron and steel products, knit goods and cloth, musical instruments, rifles, spirits, etc. Boat-building and book printing and bind- ing are also industries of importance. Popula- tion, in 1900, 45,426, principally Roman Catho- lics. Near Regensburg is the Oierman 'Temple of Fame,' called the Walhalla (q.v. ). Regensliurg was the Celtic settlement of Rad- ashona, called Ijy the Romans Castra Eegina. It was the residence of the early dukes of Bavaria and became the seat of the bishopric of Regens- burg in the eighth century. From the eleventh century to the close of the Middle Ages Regens- burg was one of the most important cities of Southern Germany and carried on a flourishing trade with the East. It was early raised to the position of a free Imperial city. As the fre- quent residence of the German emperors Regens- liurg was the scene of many important diets, and became the jiermanent seat of the Diet in l'i63. In the territorial changes following the Treaty of Luneville in 1801, it was assigned to Dalberg (q.v.). In 1810 it passed to Bavaria. Consult: (iemciner, Chronik der Btadt und des Hochstifts Repeiifihurfi (Regensburg, 1800-24) ; Gumpelz- haimer, Regenshiirger Geschichte, Sagen und MerkiciirdigkeUen (ib., 1830-38) ; Chroniken der dentschen StSdte, vol. xv. (Leipzig, 1878) ; Kiis- ser, Alt- und Jung-Regenshurg (Regensburg, 1895) ; Walderdorft*. Regensburg iyt seiner Ver- gaiigenheit und Gegenicart (ib., 1896); .Fink, Rcfuiisburg in seiner T'or^eif und Gegenwart (ib., 1900). REGENT-BIRD. See Bower-Bird. REGENT DIAMOND. See Pitt Diamond. REGENT'S PARK. One of the largest Lon- ' don parks, covering 472 acres, and containing the Zoological and Botanical gardens. It was laid out in the time of George III. on the site of the earlier Marylebone Park, once filled with game, subsequently cleared for a pasture, again re- planted, and named for the Prince Regent (George IV.).